Decline of Naxalite Violence Amid Global Terror Threats
Recent developments show a sharp decline in ideologically-driven Naxalite militancy in India. This contrasts with persistent and evolving global terrorism threats, especially those inspired by groups like Islamic State (IS). The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI) adds complexity and danger to future terror scenarios worldwide. India’s internal security dynamics, however, indicate a nearing end to one of its longest militant insurgencies.
Global Terrorism
More than two decades after the 9/11 attacks, terrorism remains a major global concern. IS-inspired attacks, including vehicle rammings, continue in several countries. Lone wolf attacks are increasing, fuelled by online propaganda. Experts warn that AI could enable terrorists to develop bio-weapons or launch more devastating attacks. The risk of AI systems acting beyond human control adds to global insecurity fears.
India’s Naxalite Movement
The Naxalite movement began in the late 1960s as a radical Marxist-Leninist uprising. It drew inspiration from revolutions in China, Vietnam, and Latin America. Early leaders like Charu Mazumdar aimed to mobilise tribal and urban poor populations against perceived social injustices. Over time, the movement fragmented and lost mass appeal, turning more violent but less ideologically cohesive.
Decline of Naxalite Violence in India
Since 2024, India has intensified operations against Naxalite groups, especially in the Dandakaranya region covering parts of Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Odisha, and Andhra Pradesh. Thousands of militants have been killed or captured. Internal leadership crises and territorial losses have weakened the movement. Official statements suggest the near end of Naxalite insurgency by mid-2026, marking a historic shift in India’s internal security landscape.
Differences Between Indian and Global Counter-Terrorism
India’s approach to Naxalism differs from global anti-terror campaigns. Unlike international offensives targeting ideologically vague terrorists, India’s actions focus on insurgents embedded within local communities. The use of force is cautious and balanced with political and social considerations. This contrasts with more aggressive foreign policies such as the U.S. ‘war on terror’ in regions like Somalia and Yemen.
The Misuse of the Term ‘Urban Naxals’
The label ‘urban naxals’ is often misapplied to intellectual critics of government policies. This group differs from the original Naxalite militants who had structured ideology and organisation. Confusing these groups can distort public understanding and policy responses. Accurate classification is essential to address security challenges without undermining democratic debate.
Artificial Intelligence on Terrorism
AI is transforming the nature of threats globally. Terrorists may use AI tools for planning, recruitment, and weaponising biological agents. There is concern about AI systems acting autonomously with harmful consequences. This emerging risk demands new frameworks for international security and technology governance.
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