Antimicrobial Resistance and Animal Health in 2025
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses threat to global health and food security. The World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH) released a report in May 2025, denoting the potential impact of AMR by 2050. It warns that two billion people could face food insecurity and the global economy could lose $100 trillion if immediate action is not taken. The report puts stress on the urgency of addressing the misuse of antimicrobials in both human and veterinary medicine.
About Antimicrobial Resistance
AMR occurs when pathogens evolve to resist drugs. This includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in agriculture and healthcare accelerate this process. The report indicates that fluoroquinolones make up 15.8% of antimicrobials used in aquaculture, raising concerns about critical antibiotics in aquatic environments.
Current Trends in Antimicrobial Use
Despite the alarming trends, there is some positive news. Between 2020 and 2022, antimicrobial use in animals declined by 5%. Europe saw reduction of 23%. The report suggests that further reductions could be achieved through improved hygiene, vaccination, and biosecurity measures. A 30% reduction in antibiotic use could yield a global economic benefit of $120 billion by 2050.
Spread of Infectious Animal Diseases
The report marks the increasing spread of infectious diseases among animals. Nearly half of these diseases can transmit to humans, indicating a substantial risk to public health. Diseases like African Swine Fever (ASF) and avian influenza are spreading to new regions, exacerbated by climate change and international trade.
Significant Disease Outbreaks
In 2024, ASF made headlines as it spread over 1,800 kilometres to Sri Lanka. This disease has caused severe economic disruptions and threatens global pork supplies. The report also notes the unprecedented battle against avian influenza, which has affected over 630 million birds in the last two decades. In 2024, more non-poultry species reported outbreaks than poultry.
Preventive Measures and Challenges
Vaccination is emerging as important tool in managing animal diseases. France initiated a nationwide vaccination campaign against avian influenza, reducing outbreaks. However, access to vaccines remains uneven globally, complicating efforts to control diseases like peste des petits ruminants and foot and mouth disease.
Call for International Cooperation
The report stresses the need for global collaboration to combat AMR and animal diseases. Strengthening international cooperation and ensuring equitable access to vaccines are essential for managing outbreaks effectively. Improved hygiene and biosecurity measures are also vital in preventing the spread of diseases.
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