Taftan Volcano Shows Signs of Awakening After 710,000 Years

Recent satellite data has revealed that the Taftan volcano in southern Iran, long thought extinct, is showing signs of renewed activity. Between July 2023 and May 2024, the ground near its summit rose by 9 centimetres. This uplift suggests an increase in subterranean gas pressure. Scientists now classify Taftan as dormant rather than extinct. The findings show the need for enhanced monitoring of this previously overlooked volcano.

Geological Background of Taftan Volcano

Taftan is a stratovolcano reaching 3,940 metres in height. It lies in southeastern Iran amid a cluster of mountains formed by the subduction of the Arabian oceanic crust beneath the Eurasian plate. This tectonic activity created the volcanic chain. Taftan hosts an active hydrothermal system with sulfur-emitting fumaroles but has no recorded eruptions in human history.

Recent Observations and Evidence

Initial satellite imagery from 2020 showed no unusual activity. However, in 2023, local reports and social media documented gaseous emissions detectable 50 kilometres away in the city of Khash. Subsequent analysis of Sentinel-1 satellite data confirmed ground uplift near the summit, indicating magma or gas accumulating underground.

Scientific Implications of the Uplift

The 9-centimetre rise over 10 months is . It implies increasing pressure beneath the volcano’s surface. Such pressure can lead to either a gradual release of gases or a volcanic eruption. While no eruption is imminent, the volcano’s status as dormant warrants continuous observation.

Challenges in Monitoring Taftan

Taftan lacks a dedicated GPS monitoring system common to many active volcanoes worldwide. Its remote location and regional security issues, including border conflicts and insurgent activity, hinder on-site scientific studies. Satellite remote sensing remains the primary tool for monitoring this volcano.

Importance of Volcanic Monitoring

Volcanoes once deemed extinct can reactivate, posing risks to nearby populations. Monitoring ground deformation and gas emissions helps predict potential eruptions. Early warning systems save lives and mitigate economic losses. Taftan’s case puts stress on the need to reassess volcano classifications based on ongoing data.