Sundarbans Tiger Reserve
The Sundarbans Tiger Reserve (STR) in West Bengal expanded in August 2025. The National Board of Wildlife (NBWL) approved the addition of 1,044.68 square kilometres to the reserve. This decision makes STR the second-largest tiger reserve in India, covering 3,629.57 square kilometres, just behind Andhra Pradesh’s Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam Tiger Reserve.
Expansion and Approval Process
The NBWL, chaired by Union Environment Minister Bhupender Yadav, cleared the West Bengal government’s proposal to include three tiger-inhabited ranges — Matla, Raidighi and Ramganga — from South 24 Parganas district. The proposal aims to consolidate tiger habitats under unified management. This move follows prior clearance by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) and the West Bengal State Board of Wildlife.
Historical Background
The idea to expand STR dates back nearly two decades. Initial efforts began around 2005-06 but stalled. Renewed recommendations emerged in 2022-23 from the Sundarbans Biosphere Reserve director, Nilanjan Mullick. The formal proposal was finalised in 2024 and sent to NBWL after extensive consultations.
Conservation and Management Benefits
The expansion is expected to improve tiger conservation by bringing fragmented habitats under one administrative umbrella. It will enable better implementation of NTCA guidelines and attract increased funding. Experts believe enhanced management will boost tiger populations currently estimated at 101 in the region. Improved infrastructure and staff capacity are also anticipated outcomes.
Challenges
Despite optimism, challenges remain. The reserve currently operates with only 40% of approved manpower. Financial constraints and operational difficulties persist. Local fishermen’s groups have expressed concern about potential impacts on their livelihoods. The government assures that the added areas are buffer zones and that fishermen’s interests will be protected.
Impact
The Sundarbans is the world’s largest mangrove forest and a unique tiger habitat. Expansion may enhance biodiversity conservation and eco-tourism potential. However, balancing ecological protection with the needs of local communities remains critical. Sustained dialogue between authorities and stakeholders is essential for long-term success.
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