Solar Power Potential from Abandoned Coal Mines
India has emerged as a leader in the potential for solar power generation from abandoned coal mines. Recent research marks the opportunity to transform degraded land into productive solar energy sites. This shift could alleviate energy demands while encouraging job creation.
Current Landscape of Abandoned Mines in India
India has over 63 disused coal mine sites. These sites span more than 500 square kilometres. Collectively, they can generate approximately 27.11 gigawatts of solar power. This figure represents nearly 37 per cent of India’s current solar capacity. Key states include Telangana, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, and Chhattisgarh. These states rank among the top 20 global regions for land availability from closed mines.
Global Context of Coal Mines
Globally, around 3,800 coal mines are operational. They produce 95 per cent of the world’s coal. However, 33 countries have pledged to phase out coal. As a result, many coal mines will close in the coming years. This shift presents an opportunity for solar redevelopment.
Environmental Risks of Abandoned Mines
Abandoned coal mines pose environmental risks. One major concern is methane leakage. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a warming potential much higher than carbon dioxide. Without proper management, these sites can contribute to climate change. Additionally, improperly managed mines can lead to safety hazards, including fatal accidents and long-term environmental damage.
Global Solar Potential from Former Mine Lands
Beyond India, countries like Australia, Indonesia, and the United States also have potential for solar redevelopment on former mine lands. An analysis identified 28 countries with abandoned surface coal mines suitable for solar conversion. This could yield a total potential of 288 gigawatts of solar power. Most of these sites are near existing grid infrastructure, making them ideal for solar energy projects.
Employment Opportunities from Solar Conversion
Transitioning from coal to solar energy could create substantial job opportunities. An estimated 259,700 permanent jobs could arise in various sectors, including manufacturing and distribution. Temporary and construction jobs could total around 317,500. This transition could outpace projected job losses in the coal industry by 2035.
Challenges to Solar Redevelopment
Despite the benefits, challenges remain in converting abandoned mines to solar parks. Community concerns often arise regarding land use and local impacts. In some cases, developers have faced criticism for neglecting local needs. Additionally, determining land ownership poses hurdles. Many closed mines lack clear policies for land rights, complicating the transition to renewable energy projects.
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