Red Teaming in Operation Sindoor
Operation Sindoor, launched in May 2025, marked shift in India’s military strategy. This operation was notable for its innovative use of “red teaming” in planning. The concept of red teaming involves integrating experts who simulate adversary tactics into the operational planning process. Their purpose is to critically evaluate military strategies and anticipate enemy reactions.
About Red Teaming
Red teaming is a military strategy that originated from war games. In these exercises, one group, the red team, acts as the enemy while the blue team defends. This approach allows for a realistic assessment of military readiness. In India, the red teaming concept was named ‘Vidur Vakta’ after a character from the Mahabharata. The Indian Army has only recently begun to formalise this approach.
Implementation in Operation Sindoor
During Operation Sindoor, a red team of five senior officers was embedded in the planning process. Their role was to challenge operational plans and evaluate potential enemy responses. This was the first time red teaming was applied in a real-world operation by the Indian military. The operation aimed to address ongoing threats from Pakistan-based terror groups.
Background of Operation Sindoor
The operation was initiated as a response to a terrorist attack in Pahalgam, which claimed 26 lives. India accused Pakistan of supporting these terrorist activities. The operation targeted nine identified terror camps, including locations associated with groups like Jaish-e-Mohammed and Lashkar-e-Taiba.
Military Assets and Precision Strikes
Operation Sindoor employed advanced military technology. The Indian Armed Forces utilised Rafale jets, equipped with SCALP missiles and AASM Hammer bombs. BrahMos cruise missiles and loitering munitions were also deployed. These precision strikes aimed to incapacitate terror infrastructure effectively.
Future of Red Teaming in Indian Military
Following the success of Operation Sindoor, the Indian Army plans to expand the red teaming concept. A roadmap has been developed to formalise the ‘Vidur Vakta’ programme over the next two years. This initiative aims to build in-house expertise and reduce reliance on foreign military training.
Global Practices
Red teaming has been a staple in military operations abroad, particularly during the Cold War. It was crucial in anticipating Soviet strategies. The Indian military’s adoption of this practice signifies a modernisation of its strategic doctrine. The goal is to create a more dynamic and anticipatory approach to military operations.
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