States PCS: Jharkhand GK for JPSC and other Jharkhand State Exams

Notes:
In the Oraon community of Jharkhand, the Mahto is the head of the village-level community council. The Mahto leads the village council and is distinct from religious roles such as Pahan or Panibharwa. The Oraon King refers to the Parha Raja, who heads multiple villages but not a single village. Titles like Chaudhary and Kartaha are not part of the Oraon village leadership structure.

Notes:
The Mal Pahadiya tribe of Jharkhand practices giving a pig as bride price during marriage. The pig is part of the traditional dowry items and is slaughtered before the ceremony. Its meat is divided among the bridegroom’s side, bride’s relatives, and village members according to custom. This practice is specific to the Mal Pahadiya tribe, also known as Maler or Malto.

Notes:
According to the 2011 Census, Oraon is the second largest tribe in Jharkhand. The largest tribe is Santhal, with over 18 lakh population. Oraons number over 10 lakh, making up 19.8% of the Scheduled Tribe population. They mainly reside in Ranchi and Hazaribagh districts. The Oraon tribe speaks the Kurukh language, which belongs to the Dravidian language family.

Notes:
Dharmesh is the chief deity of the Oraon tribal community, regarded as the Supreme Being and creator in the Sarna religion. The Oraons of Jharkhand recognize Dharmesh as the highest divinity responsible for creating and sustaining all living and non-living things. He is also called Kurukh meaning “the almighty” and Mahadeo meaning “Great God”. The Oraons worship the sun as Biri, a name associated with Dharmesh, who holds the highest position in their spiritual hierarchy.

Notes:
Ganga Narayan Singh led the Bhumij Revolt (1832-33) in the Jungle Mahals. This uprising united various tribals against British revenue policies. The revolt focused on resisting exploitation imposed by colonial land revenue systems. Ganga Narayan Singh is historically recognized as the leader of the Bhumij Rebellion. Other leaders like Thakur Bholanath Singh led the Tamar Revolt, Bhukhan Singh led the Chero Movement, and Bhagirath Manjhi was associated with the Kharwar Movement.

Notes:
Sadlow Ballerd was the architect of the Raj Bhavan in Jharkhand. The construction cost was estimated at Rs. 7,00,000. Raj Bhavan serves as the official residence of the Governor of Jharkhand. It is a significant government building in the state. Architectural projects of this nature are documented in state records and public interest archives.

Notes:
Jawaharlal Nehru Biological Park is located in Bokaro district, Jharkhand. It is managed by Bokaro Steel Plant of the Steel Authority of India Limited. Established in the 1980s and renovated in 1989, it is the largest zoological garden in the state. The park hosts various species including white tigers, royal Bengal tigers, and Asiatic lions. It is situated in Sector 4, Gumla Colony near Bokaro city, approximately 12 km from the city center.

Notes:
Manjhain folk song, also known as झंझन गीत in the Nagpuri dialect, is sung by women during birth celebrations (जन्मोत्सव). It is associated with joyful events in the home following the birth of a child. This folk song is not connected to the rainy season, harvest, or Karma festival. Harvest songs in the region include Jhenana Jhumur and Jhumair, which differ from the Manjhain song.

Notes:
The Hijala fair in Dumka, Jharkhand, began on February 3, 1890, by British District Magistrate John Roberts Casteres. It was started after the Santhals’ Hul rebellion to understand tribal customs and improve communication with locals. The fair is held on the banks of the Mayurakshi river during Phalgun’s shukla paksha. In 2015, it was declared a state tribal fair showcasing tribal art, music, and dance.

Notes:
Damkach is a Nagpuri folk dance from Jharkhand performed by bride and groom families at weddings. It involves men and women forming a semi-circle and singing satirical songs. The dance uses instruments like the dholak and ghongroo and symbolizes group strength and protection. Paika and Firkal are martial dances of the Bhumij tribe. Chhau is a semi-classical dance from Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha. Lahsua is accompanied by dhol.