States PCS: Jharkhand GK for JPSC and other Jharkhand State Exams

Notes:
Tropical deciduous forests, particularly dry and moist types, cover most of Jharkhand and are characterized by sal, teak, and bamboo.

Notes:
Tilka Manjhi, a Santhal tribal leader from the Jharkhand region, was arrested on 12 January 1785 after leading an attack on British officer Augustus Cleveland in 1784. He was betrayed, captured in the Sultanganj mountains, and publicly hanged in Bhagalpur the next day in 1785. This marked one of the earliest Adivasi armed resistances against British rule. There is no credible evidence for his arrest occurring in 1786, 1787, or 1790.

Notes:
Palamu district was known as Palaun or Palaon during the Mughal period. It was officially formed as a district on 1 January 1892, with its headquarters at Daltonganj (now Medininagar). The district was previously a subdivision after the 1857 revolt. Garhwa and Latehar districts were created later, in 1991 and 2001 respectively. There is no historical record of Gumla or Chatra being called Palaun.

Notes:
Chintamani Nath Shahdev (1931–2014) was the last titular Nagvanshi ruler of Chotanagpur. He ruled until the zamindari estate merged with India in 1952. He succeeded around 1950 and contributed to building parts of Ratu Palace. He also served in the Bihar Legislative Assembly. The Nagvanshi dynasty began with Phani Mukut Rai and lasted around 2000 years, ending with him. Earlier Nag rulers include Ram Shah and Raghunath Shah. Thakur Vishvanath Shahdev and Vachandevnath Shahdev were not last rulers.

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Ramgarh was the last capital of the Ramgarh Raj kings. Established in 1368 by King Bagdeo Singh, the capital was initially at Sira, then moved to Urda, Badam, and finally Ramgarh in 1670 by King Dalel Singh, who named it after his father Ram Singh. Ramgarh remained the headquarters during later medieval and British periods. The Ramgarh Raj is part of Jharkhand’s historical region.

Notes:
In the Mahabharata’s Digvijay Parva, Jharkhand is called Pundarik. This name identifies the forested region inhabited by tribes during epic conquests. Kangjal and Santhal Pradesh do not appear in the Mahabharata, and Khokhra is a medieval term associated with diamonds, not the epic. Vedic texts also mention a related region called Pundru, supporting the historical naming of this area as Pundarik in ancient literature.

Notes:
Jain idols recovered from Benusagar in Singhbhum district date to the 7th century. J.D. Beglar in 1875 AD dated the site to this century based on sculptures. Archaeological findings revealed habitation from the 5th century AD onward, but Jain idols specifically are attributed to the 7th century. Singhbhum district is located in the Indian state of Jharkhand.

Notes:
Kumpa Fort is situated in Chatra district, Jharkhand. It was constructed in the 14th century by the Cherovanshi royal family. The Mughal governor Daud Khan occupied and destroyed it in 1660 during Aurangzeb’s rule. Later, the fort was controlled by Ramgarh Raja and attacked by Aliwardi Khan in 1734. There are no historical records linking the fort to Palamu, Sahebganj, or Ranchi districts.

Notes:
Captain Camac subdued the Rajas of Kharagdiha in 1769 and attacked Palamu forts in 1771. Raja Dhupnath Shah of Chhota Nagpur cooperated with Camac, became a vassal, paid tribute, and did not oppose him. Singhbhum has no historical record of opposing Captain Camac’s arrival during these campaigns.

Notes:
During Akbar’s reign (1556-1605), Jharkhand was ruled by the Naga Dynasty of Kokrah (Nagvanshi), Chero of Palamu, and Singh Dynasty of Singhbhum. The Nagvanshis were independent until they came under nominal Mughal influence after Shahbaz Khan’s campaign. Mughals led by Raja Man Singh attacked the Chero dynasty in 1574. The Singh dynasty ruled Singhbhum alongside these two. The dynasties held primary control with Mughals exercising limited power through expeditions and tribute arrangements.