States PCS: Jharkhand GK for JPSC and other Jharkhand State Exams

Notes:
Phani Mukut Rai founded the Nagvanshi dynasty in the Chotanagpur plateau of present-day Jharkhand. The dynasty was established around 64 CE or possibly the 4th century CE as a successor state to the Gupta Empire. According to family chronicles, he was adopted by a tribal chief and was made king by local village and neighboring rulers. The Nagvanshi dynasty ruled the Chotanagpur region for centuries and contributed to regional art, architecture, and culture.

Notes:
Kharsawan was founded around 1650 by the second son of Vikram Singh. In 1912, it came under the authority of the newly formed Bihar and Orissa Province after Bengal’s partition. This marked its formal administrative agreement with British governance within the Chota Nagpur Division. Earlier years like 1765 and 1778 have no recorded evidence of such agreements. The year 1914 is after this administrative change. Post-independence, Kharsawan merged with other regions in 1948.

Notes:
The Battle of Chausa occurred on 26 June 1539 between Mughal Emperor Humayun and Sher Shah Suri near Chausa in Bihar. Sher Shah’s forces attacked during heavy rains, defeating Humayun, who fled the battlefield. This battle resulted in Sher Shah Suri establishing the Sur Empire, temporarily displacing Mughal rule in northern India. The year 1539 is historically confirmed as the date of the battle.

Notes:
The Jharkhand separatist movement is considered to have started with the formation of the Bihar-Orissa province in 1936, which was separated from Bengal. This administrative change increased tribal demands for autonomy in the Chota Nagpur region. Earlier tribal resistance like Birsa Munda’s movement targeted British rule but did not demand statehood. Organized demands for Jharkhand statehood emerged after 1936, including activities by the Jharkhand Party in the mid-20th century.

Notes:
The Tana Bhagat movement was led by Jatra Oraon in 1914 among the Oraon tribe in Jharkhand’s Chotanagpur Plateau. It opposed British taxes, zamindar exploitation, and missionary influence through non-violent means. The movement embraced monotheism and rejected spirit worship, intoxicants, and meat. Followers of this movement participated in Gandhi’s Satyagraha and Quit India Movement. The Tana Bhagat movement is historically linked exclusively to the Oraon tribe, not to Ho, Khadiya, or Santhal tribes.

Notes:
The Ho revolt occurred in the Singhbhum and Kolhan regions of Jharkhand. Major Rufface suppressed the revolt in 1820-21 at the request of the Raja of Singhbhum. Major Wilkinson carried out military actions against the Ho rebels in 1837, capturing leaders and establishing British control over the area. The Tamar, Chero, and Bhumij revolts occurred at different times and were distinct uprisings involving other tribal groups in the region.

Notes:
A. K. Rai (A.K. Roy) raised the slogan of Lal Khand for a separate Jharkhand state. He was an ideologue of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) and coined “Lalkhand” to transform tribal autonomy demands into class struggle. Jharkhand was formed as a separate state in 2000. The slogan symbolized the unity of mine workers, peasants, and adivasis under JMM’s red-green flag.

Notes:
Jaikrishna Rai was killed in the 1770 battle of Chetma near Satbarwa. The conflict involved Jayanath Singh and Chiranjit Rai, who were rivals within the Chero dynasty. After this battle, Chiranjit Rai became the king of the Chero dynasty. The battle took place in the Palamu region, now part of Jharkhand state. It was one of the notable internal conflicts during the late 18th century among the Chero rulers.

Notes:
Lance Naik Albert Ekka was martyred on 3 December 1971 during the Indo-Pakistan War of 1971. He served in the 14 Guards Regiment and fought in the Battle of Gangasagar. He was posthumously awarded the Param Vir Chakra on 26 January 1972. Albert Ekka was from Gumla, Jharkhand. A statue in his honor is located at Albert Ekka Chowk in Ranchi. The 1971 war was fought between India and Pakistan, resulting in the creation of Bangladesh.

Notes:
The Damin-e-Koh law was enacted in the Santhal Pargana district in 1832-1833. It covered present-day Sahebganj, Pakur, and Godda in Jharkhand. The law designated forested Rajmahal hills regions for Santhal settlement, shifting control from the Paharia community. After the 1855-56 Santhal Hul rebellion, Santhal Pargana became a separate district with tenancy protections under the Santhal Pargana Tenancy Act 1949. Adjacent districts such as Tamar, Manbhum, and Birbhum were not the primary areas for this law.