International Current Affairs MCQs

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India has sent a new notice to Pakistan to seek “review and modification” of the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT), following a similar request in January 2023. This notice, under Article XII (3) of the IWT, indicates India’s intention to potentially revoke and renegotiate the 64-year-old treaty. The IWT, brokered by the World Bank, allocates three rivers (Ravi, Sutlej, Beas) to India and three rivers (Sindh, Jhelum, Chenab) to Pakistan. Pakistan receives about 80% of the total water from the six-river system, while India gets 19.48%. India is allowed to construct storage facilities and run-of-the-river projects on the western rivers, with prior notification to Pakistan.

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The joint military exercise Yudh Abhyas, initiated in 2004, focuses on enhancing military cooperation between India and the US. The latest edition, Yudh Abhyas 2024, took place at Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan from September 9 to 22. This exercise aims to improve interoperability and conduct counter-terrorism operations. Both nations have emphasized the importance of joint training and sharing best practices to strengthen their military capabilities in a sub conventional context under the UN Charter’s Chapter VII.

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The Quad countries—India, the US, Australia, and Japan—launched the Quad Cancer Moonshot Initiative to tackle cancer. It aims to combat cervical cancer through expanded screenings and HPV vaccinations. This collaborative effort among India, the United States, Australia, and Japan addresses a significant health crisis in the Indo-Pacific region, focusing initially on cervical cancer, a largely preventable disease. India will contribute $10 million to the WHO’s Global Initiative on Digital Health and provide $7.5 million in HPV tools and vaccines. An AI-based treatment protocol is being developed, along with support for radiotherapy and capacity building in the Indo-Pacific region.

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Anura Kumara Dissanayake, born on November 24, 1968, in Galewela, has transformed Sri Lankan politics by leading the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna (JVP) party to victory in a groundbreaking election, securing 42.31% of the vote. His rise from a rural background to the presidency marks a significant shift in the country’s political landscape, particularly following the economic crises and public dissatisfaction with the traditional political elite. Anura’s leadership represents a departure from the party’s militant past towards a more democratic and reformist approach, resonating with the electorate’s desire for change.

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The UN General Assembly adopted the “Pact for the Future” to reshape global governance. It reaffirms UN Member States’ commitment to sustainable development, peace, and stronger governance. It emphasizes building peaceful, inclusive societies and addressing conflict root causes. The Pact highlights the role of science, technology, and innovation in advancing UN goals. It prioritizes youth inclusion in decision-making at national and global levels. The Pact calls for stronger partnerships with civil society, the private sector, and local authorities.

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Iran unveiled its latest ballistic missile, named “Jihad,” in a military parade in Tehran. The missile was developed by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps’ (IRGC) Aerospace Force. This marks the introduction of a new liquid-fuel missile platform in Iran’s defense technology. The Jihad missile highlights Iran’s ongoing military advancements despite international sanctions. Iran’s missile development has raised concerns among Western nations about its potential destabilizing effects in the region.

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Hurricane Helene hit Florida, US as a powerful Category 4 storm with sustained winds of 130 mph (209 kph). Officials urged residents in the storm’s path to follow mandatory evacuation orders due to life-threatening conditions. A hurricane is a tropical cyclone that forms over warm ocean waters and has sustained winds of at least 74 miles per hour. Hurricanes can cause substantial destruction.

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India and Uzbekistan signed a Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) to protect investors from both countries. Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman and Uzbek Deputy Prime Minister Khodjayev Jamshid Abdukhakimovich signed the treaty in Tashkent. The treaty aims to enhance economic cooperation and create a stronger investment environment. It assures investors a minimum standard of treatment and non-discrimination. An independent forum for dispute settlement through arbitration is included. The treaty balances investor protection with the state’s right to regulate, allowing for adequate policy space.

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Jordan has become the first country globally to eliminate leprosy, with the World Health Organisation confirming this milestone. This success is attributed to extensive public health campaigns, early detection initiatives, and free treatment programs. Community education played a crucial role in raising awareness and preventing the spread of this historically significant disease. Despite this achievement, Jordanian health officials emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring to avert potential future outbreaks of leprosy.

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Nagaland signed Wales as a Country Partner for the 25th Hornbill Festival. Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio, during his visit to Wales, announced the agreement with the Welsh Government, British Council, and Wales Arts International. The partnership concludes the “Wales in India 2024” celebration and aims to strengthen bilateral ties, enhance people-to-people contact, and create opportunities for youth.