Pulicat Lake Ecosystem Faces Critical Fishing Crisis

Pulicat Lake, the second largest brackish water lagoon in India, is currently facing severe ecological and economic challenges. The estuary connecting the lake to the sea is blocked by sand, disrupting the natural flow of seawater. This has caused a dramatic decline in fish populations and threatens the livelihood of thousands of fishermen in the region.

Current Situation of Pulicat Lake

The estuary blockage has led to stagnant water in the lake. Without the exchange of seawater, the ecosystem is deteriorating rapidly. Fishermen report poor fish catches and days without fishing. Sand accumulation has rendered government-built retaining walls ineffective. The estuary area has turned into a sandy stretch resembling a beach, preventing normal fishing activities.

Impact on Local Fishermen

Around 22,000 fishermen from villages such as Annamalaicheri, Korakuppam, and Pasiyavaram depend on Pulicat Lake. With the lake’s fish stock depleted, many have either shifted to sea fishing or sought alternative jobs. The traditional dependence on the lake’s waters, passed down through generations, is fading. The lack of fish has caused economic hardship and uncertainty about future livelihoods.

Environmental Concerns and Ecosystem Damage

Pulicat Lake is a vital wetland supporting diverse flora and fauna, including migratory flamingoes. The blocked estuary disrupts the natural saline balance, affecting aquatic life. Siltation and pollution from nearby unregulated industries and residential areas worsen the condition. Without intervention, the lake risks losing its ecological character and biodiversity.

Calls for Restoration and Sustainable Management

Local leaders and environmental groups urge urgent desilting and restoration efforts. They demand a comprehensive study involving all stakeholders to find a lasting solution. Preventing further encroachment and regulating development around the lake are critical. Sustainable management plans are needed to revive the lake’s health and protect fishermen’s livelihoods.

Significance of Pulicat Lake

Pulicat Lake plays important role in supporting regional fisheries and biodiversity. It acts as a natural buffer between land and sea and supports livelihoods in both Tamil Nadu and Andhra Pradesh. The lake’s health is essential for sustaining local economies and preserving its unique ecosystem.