Protests Erupt Over Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project

The Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project in Arunachal Pradesh has sparked widespread protests in 2025. Hundreds gathered in Daporijo, Upper Subansiri district, opposing the 2,000MW dam proposal. The project, managed by National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC) Ltd, faces resistance from local residents and environmental activists.

Background of the Subansiri Project

The Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project is planned on the Subansiri River. This river is a major tributary of the Brahmaputra. The project aims to generate 2,000 megawatts of electricity. NHPC, a state-owned company, has been allocated the task of constructing and operating the dam. The project is part of India’s efforts to increase renewable energy capacity.

Local Opposition and Concerns

The protestors are primarily from the Subansiri Upper Hydroelectric Project Land Affected People’s Forum and local students. They argue the dam threatens their ancestral lands. The slogans raised included demands to protect the river and prevent displacement. The protestors fear loss of livelihood, environmental degradation, and cultural disruption. They reject compensation offers, stressing the value of their land and heritage.

Environmental and Social Impact Issues

Dams on major rivers often cause ecological changes. The Subansiri project could alter river flow and aquatic life. Large-scale displacement is expected, affecting indigenous communities. Concerns include deforestation, soil erosion, and potential seismic risks. Critics warn that the project may disrupt the fragile Himalayan ecosystem and downstream water availability.

Government and NHPC Response

The government supports the project for energy security and regional development. NHPC marks the benefits of clean hydropower and rural electrification. Officials claim measures will mitigate environmental and social impacts. However, delays and protests have stalled progress. Dialogue with local stakeholders remains limited, fuelling unrest.

Significance of the Protest Movement

The protests underline growing resistance to large dam projects in India. They reflect wider debates on balancing development with environmental protection and indigenous rights. The movement in Arunachal Pradesh is part of a larger trend of grassroots activism. It raises questions about sustainable energy planning and participatory governance.