Indian Rat Snake
The Indian Rat Snake, scientifically known as Ptyas mucosa, is gaining recognition in Kerala. The State Board for Wildlife is set to consider a proposal to designate this snake as the official reptile of the state. Known regionally as Chera, Manja Chera, and Karinchera, this species plays important role in the ecosystem.
Ecological Importance
Indian Rat Snakes are non-venomous and primarily carnivorous. They control rodent populations that can damage crops. By preying on rodents, they help prevent the spread of diseases associated with these pests. Additionally, they consume the hatchlings of venomous snakes like cobras, aiding in maintaining ecological balance.
Legal Protection
The Indian Rat Snake is included in Schedule One of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, granting it the highest level of legal protection. This status puts stress on the importance of conserving this species and marks its role in agriculture and biodiversity.
Conservation Status
According to the IUCN Red List, the Indian Rat Snake is classified as a species of Least Concern due to its wide distribution. However, it faces threats from overexploitation for food, skins, and medicinal uses. The global population trend is declining, necessitating conservation efforts.
Habitat and Distribution
This snake inhabits a variety of environments, including forests, scrublands, and agricultural areas. It is commonly found in human habitations, indicating its adaptability. The species is widespread across India and is also present in regions like the Andaman Islands.
Human-Snake Conflicts
Human-wildlife conflicts often arise from snake bites. The Forest Department is actively working to mitigate these incidents. Trained volunteers handle snake encounters, and a mobile application named SARPA has been introduced to educate the public and prevent snakebite incidents.
Cultural Significance
In some regions, Indian Rat Snakes are consumed locally. They are involved in the snake wine industry in Vietnam and are traded for various purposes in Southeast Asia. This exploitation poses threat to their population.
Reproductive Behaviour
Indian Rat Snakes are prolific breeders. They can lay multiple clutches of eggs each year, with up to 18 eggs per clutch. Their reproductive success contributes to their population resilience, yet environmental pressures may still impact their numbers.
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