Polio Outbreak Declared in Papua New Guinea
The World Health Organisation (WHO) confirmed a polio outbreak in Papua New Guinea. The outbreak was identified after routine screenings revealed the presence of the poliovirus in healthy children. The WHO has urged immediate vaccination efforts to curb the spread of this highly infectious disease.
About Polio and Its Transmission
Polio, or poliomyelitis, is a viral disease primarily affecting children under five. The poliovirus spreads through contact with an infected person’s faeces or respiratory droplets. It can also be transmitted via contaminated food and water. Once inside the body, the virus multiplies in the intestine and can invade the nervous system, leading to paralysis.
Historical Context of Polio Eradication
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative was launched in 1988. This effort has reduced polio cases by over 99%. In 1988, there were approximately 350,000 cases reported globally. By 2021, this number had fallen to just six cases. The initiative has involved WHO, national governments, and various organisations, including UNICEF and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Current Situation in Papua New Guinea
Papua New Guinea was declared polio-free in 2000. However, a resurgence occurred in 2018, resulting in 26 cases of paralysis. The recent outbreak has already infected at least two children, prompting health authorities to take swift action. The country has a low immunisation rate, with less than half of the population vaccinated against polio.
Response Measures and Vaccination Campaigns
The Papua New Guinea government has initiated a national response, focusing on immediate vaccination campaigns. UNICEF is collaborating with local authorities to distribute vaccines and boost disease monitoring. A goal has been set to increase routine immunisation rates to 90% for long-term protection against polio.
Global Polio Status
Despite progress, polio remains endemic in Afghanistan and Pakistan. The two strains of wild poliovirus, type 2 and type 3, have been eradicated. However, wild poliovirus type 1 continues to circulate in the two endemic countries. The global health community remains vigilant in its efforts to eradicate polio entirely.
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