Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment: A Threat to Civilian Rule?

Pakistan’s federal government is preparing to introduce the controversial 27th Constitutional Amendment, a move that critics say could significantly tilt power towards the military establishment. The proposed legislation, currently under discussion in Parliament, seeks to amend key provisions of the Constitution, including Article 243, which governs control of the armed forces.

Expanding Military Authority

The amendment reportedly aims to redefine the command structure of Pakistan’s defence forces. Under current provisions, the federal government has command of the armed forces, while the president holds supreme authority. Proposed changes could introduce a new position similar to a Chief of Defence Staff (CDS), effectively centralising control of all services under Field Marshal Asim Munir. Analysts argue that this would give the Army Chief unprecedented influence over defence and policy matters, further blurring the line between civilian and military authority.

Judicial and Federal Structure Changes

Beyond defence, the amendment includes clauses to alter the judicial framework. It proposes granting the Supreme Judicial Council powers to transfer judges without their consent and establishing a new Constitutional Court. The court would hear cases of constitutional importance, potentially limiting the independence of existing courts. Furthermore, the bill may empower Islamabad to modify provincial budgets during economic crises and reclaim subjects like education and population planning from the provinces.

Political Reactions and Concerns

The proposal has triggered widespread criticism across political and civil society circles. Opponents, including the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) and Pushtun leaders, have labelled it an attempt to reverse the 18th Amendment, which granted provinces greater autonomy in 2010. Political analyst Ayesha Siddiqa described the move as “Munir’s power consolidation” and warned that Pakistan may be “slipping further toward the unravelling of democracy.” The government, however, insists that the amendment will not roll back provincial rights but streamline governance and national security coordination.

Exam Oriented Facts

• The 27th Amendment seeks to modify Article 243, which governs control of Pakistan’s armed forces.
• It may create a Chief of Defence Staff–like position for Field Marshal Asim Munir.
• Critics fear it could dilute judicial independence and provincial autonomy.
• The 18th Amendment (2010) earlier strengthened federalism and devolved powers to provinces.

Parliamentary Path and Future Implications

With a two-thirds majority in both houses, the ruling coalition led by Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif may successfully pass the bill if the Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) supports it. The PPP has expressed reservations, demanding assurance that the 18th Amendment will remain untouched. If enacted, the 27th Amendment could mark a significant shift in Pakistan’s civil-military balance, raising questions about the future of democratic governance in the country.