Pakistan Passes 27th Amendment Expanding Military and Judicial Powers

Pakistan’s National Assembly has approved the 27th constitutional amendment, a sweeping reform that expands the authority of the military and restructures the country’s judicial framework. The amendment, passed with overwhelming support, marks one of the most significant shifts in Pakistan’s civil–military balance in recent years.

Key Provisions of the Amendment

The legislation grants enhanced powers to the armed forces, with particular emphasis on the role of the army chief. It also introduces major changes to judicial oversight by creating a new federal constitutional court. The bill passed with 234 votes in favour and only four against, despite strong protests from opposition members in the lower house.

Creation of Chief of Defence Forces Role

A central feature of the amendment is the elevation of the army chief to the newly instituted position of Chief of Defence Forces. This role grants constitutional authority over the army, navy, and air force. Honorary five-star titles remain unchanged but carry no additional operational powers. Officials describe the reform as a step towards clearer oversight of defence leadership and appointments.

Judicial Restructuring and New Constitutional Court

The amendment establishes a federal constitutional court with equal representation from all provinces. Its mandate includes handling constitutional disputes and provincial matters, while the Supreme Court will focus on civil and criminal cases. The Judicial Commission is empowered to manage judge transfers, and refusal of a transfer will be regarded as retirement.

Exam Oriented Facts

• The amendment passed with 234 votes in favour in the National Assembly.
• It creates the new position of Chief of Defence Forces for the army chief.
• A federal constitutional court will now oversee constitutional matters.
• Judge transfer refusals are treated as retirement under the new rules.

Political Reactions and Future Steps

The ruling coalition, including major parties such as PML-N, PPP, and MQM-P, supported the legislation. Opposition groups criticised it as unconstitutional and damaging to democratic institutions. The amendment now proceeds to the Senate for final approval. Analysts note that the reform significantly strengthens military authority and alters judicial checks, signalling a pivotal moment in Pakistan’s institutional evolution.