New Rain Snake Species
Recent research from Mizoram University and Help Earth, a Guwahati-based conservation group, has identified a new species of rain snake in Mizoram’s elevated tropical forests. Named Smithophis leptofasciatus, or the narrow-banded rain snake, this discovery adds to the biodiversity of the region and expands knowledge of the genus Smithophis.
Identification
The narrow-banded rain snake was described after detailed morphological and molecular studies of collected specimens and live observations. It was previously mistaken for Smithophis bicolor but has been confirmed as a genetically and physically distinct species. The species name leptofasciatus means ‘narrow-banded’, referring to its unique creamish-white or yellowish-lime bands on a shiny black body.
Physical Characteristics
Smithophis leptofasciatus has narrow, incomplete transverse bands unlike its close relatives. Its body is glossy black with distinct cream or yellowish stripes. These markings help distinguish it from other species in the Smithophis genus. The snake is non-venomous and semi-aquatic in nature.
Habitat and Behaviour
This species inhabits humid, shaded microhabitats near small streams in montane forests at altitudes between 900 and 1,200 metres. It is nocturnal and becomes active mainly during the rainy season, which is typical of rain snakes. Field studies during the monsoon revealed its semi-aquatic lifestyle.
Reproductive Data
A gravid female observed in captivity laid six eggs. This reproductive information is rare for rain snakes and adds valuable data to the understanding of this group’s biology. The species’ breeding habits and lifecycle remain an area for further study.
Biodiversity Significance
Smithophis leptofasciatus is the third species of the genus described from Mizoram, following Smithophis atemporalis and Smithophis mizoramensis. This marks Mizoram as a biodiversity hotspot and a centre for the evolution of the genus Smithophis. The discovery urges further surveys to assess the species’ conservation status.
Conservation Concerns
The narrow range and dependence on forested stream habitats make Smithophis leptofasciatus vulnerable to habitat loss and degradation. Researchers recommend habitat protection and continued monitoring to safeguard this new species and maintain the ecological balance of the region.
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