Muthuvan Tribe
The Muthuvan tribe, residing along the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border hills, recently held community convention. The event focused on preserving their language, culture, and traditional knowledge. Over 2,000 members and 130 village heads, known as Kanis, participated. The gathering reaffirmed their commitment to coexist peacefully with forests and wildlife while adapting to modern changes.
Geographical Location and Language
The Muthuvans inhabit the hill forests between Kerala and Tamil Nadu. They are divided into two groups – Malayalam Muthuvan and Pandi Muthuvan. Each group speaks a slightly different dialect. This linguistic variation reflects their distinct cultural identities within the tribe.
Social Structure and Governance
The tribe is organised into six clans called Koottams. Each Koottam has sub-clans that regulate marriage alliances and social status. The Muthuvans practise community endogamy and clan exogamy. Their villages are governed by the ‘Kani System’, where a Kani leads the community and enforces traditional laws. Punishments exist for violating customs and moral codes.
Religious Beliefs
Muthuvans follow animism and spirit worship. They honour forest deities and ancestral spirits. The belief is that their ancestors were the first settlers of the hill forests. Their faith deeply connects them to nature and the environment around them.
Traditional Livelihood and Agriculture
Their main occupation is shifting cultivation, locally called Virippukrishi. They grow a variety of food crops for personal use, including ragi (little millet), maize, Italian millet, varagu, and chama rice. Vegetables like tomato, carrot, sweet potato, and potato are also cultivated. This sustainable farming supports their self-sufficiency and forest conservation.
Cultural Preservation
The Muthuvan Adivasi Samudaya Sangam organises events to protect tribal language and customs. The recent three-day conference near Suryanelli was part of the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. The community agreed to maintain their language in daily communication and respect the guidance of elder Kanis. They also expressed readiness to adapt to new world realities while preserving traditions.
Forest Conservation
Muthuvan tribal heads possess deep knowledge of local forests and wildlife. Their traditional wisdom has contributed to protecting the Kanan Devan Hills. The community lives in harmony with nature, ensuring sustainable use and protection of natural resources.
Community and Educational Initiatives
The convention included discussions on tribal education and farming improvements. Cultural processions and traditional attire brought into light their rich heritage. Officials from tribal development and wildlife departments participated, showing government support for tribal welfare and environmental conservation.
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