Modern Indian History Units

UNIT 1: Sources and Background of Modern Indian History

1. Sources for the Study of Modern Indian History
2. Archival Records as Sources of Modern Indian History
3. Colonial Official Records and Modern Indian History
4. Private Papers and Correspondence in Modern Indian History
5. Newspapers as Sources of Modern Indian History
6. Travel Accounts and Modern Indian History
7. Literary Sources for Modern Indian History
8. Oral Traditions and Modern Indian History
9. Political Conditions in India before British Conquest
10. Socio-Economic Conditions in India before British Conquest
11. Decline of the Mughal Empire
12. Causes of Mughal Political Disintegration
13. Rise of Regional States in Eighteenth-Century India
14. Bengal as a Regional Power before British Rule
15. Awadh as a Regional State in Eighteenth-Century India
16. Hyderabad as a Regional State in Eighteenth-Century India
17. Mysore as a Regional Power before British Expansion
18. Maratha Confederacy before British Expansion
19. European Commercial Interest in Eighteenth-Century India
20. Transition from Medieval to Modern Indian History

UNIT 2: European Companies in India

1. European Commercial Interest in India
2. Portuguese Arrival in India
3. Vasco da Gama and the Opening of Sea Route to India
4. Portuguese Settlements on the Western Coast of India
5. Estado da India and Portuguese Power in India
6. Portuguese Trade Monopoly in the Indian Ocean
7. Decline of Portuguese Power in India
8. Dutch East India Company in India
9. Dutch Settlements in Coastal India
10. Dutch Trade Interests in India
11. English East India Company and Indian Trade
12. English Factories in Early Colonial India
13. Surat as an English Trading Centre
14. Madras as an English Company Settlement
15. Bombay as an English Company Settlement
16. Calcutta as an English Company Settlement
17. French East India Company in India
18. French Settlements in India
19. Danish Settlements in India
20. Comparison of European Companies in India

UNIT 3: Carnatic Wars and Anglo-French Rivalry

1. Anglo-French Rivalry in India
2. Carnatic Region and European Conflict
3. First Carnatic War and European Power Politics
4. Second Carnatic War and Indian Succession Disputes
5. Third Carnatic War and British Supremacy
6. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle and First Carnatic War
7. Treaty of Pondicherry and Second Carnatic War
8. Treaty of Paris and French Decline in India
9. Dupleix and French Expansion in India
10. Robert Clive and British Success in Carnatic Politics
11. Chanda Sahib and Carnatic Succession Politics
12. Muhammad Ali and British Support in Carnatic Politics
13. French Decline in Eighteenth-Century India
14. British Success Factors in Anglo-French Rivalry
15. French Failure Factors in Anglo-French Rivalry
16. Carnatic Wars and Indian Rulers
17. Carnatic Wars and European Military Strategy
18. Carnatic War Treaties and Their Significance
19. Carnatic Wars and the Rise of British Power
20. Transition from Trade to Political Power in India

UNIT 4: Bengal, Mysore and Maratha Resistance

1. British Imperial Expansion in Eighteenth-Century India
2. Bengal before the Battle of Plassey
3. Alivardi Khan and Bengal Politics
4. Siraj-ud-Daulah and Bengal Politics before Plassey
5. Battle of Plassey and British Control over Bengal
6. Mir Jafar and British Political Intervention in Bengal
7. Mir Qasim and the Conflict with the Company
8. Battle of Buxar and British Expansion
9. Shuja-ud-Daula and the Battle of Buxar
10. Shah Alam II and the Company’s Diwani Rights
11. Treaty of Allahabad and Company Rule in Bengal
12. Dual Government in Bengal
13. Mysore Resistance to British Expansion
14. Hyder Ali and the Rise of Mysore Power
15. Tipu Sultan and Anti-British Resistance
16. Anglo-Mysore Wars and British Expansion
17. Maratha Confederacy and Eighteenth-Century Politics
18. Nana Fadnavis and Maratha Diplomacy
19. Mahadji Shinde and North Indian Politics
20. Anglo-Maratha Wars and British Supremacy
21. Causes of Maratha Defeat against the British

UNIT 5: Punjab, Sindh and North-West Frontier

1. British Conquest of Sindh
2. Charles Napier and the Annexation of Sindh
3. Ranjit Singh and the Rise of Sikh Power
4. Sikh Kingdom under Ranjit Singh
5. Treaty of Amritsar 1809 and Anglo-Sikh Relations
6. Sikh Army and Military Organization under Ranjit Singh
7. Lahore Darbar after Ranjit Singh
8. First Anglo-Sikh War and British Expansion
9. Treaty of Lahore and Sikh Defeat
10. Second Anglo-Sikh War and Annexation of Punjab
11. British Conquest of Punjab
12. Tripartite Treaty of 1838 and Afghan Politics
13. Anglo-Afghan Relations in the Nineteenth Century
14. First Afghan War and British Frontier Policy
15. North-West Frontier Policy under British Rule
16. Forward Policy on the North-West Frontier
17. Masterly Inactivity Policy in Frontier Affairs
18. Proud Reserve Policy in Frontier Affairs
19. British Strategic Interests in Afghanistan
20. Frontier Expansion and British Indian Security

UNIT 6: Paramountcy and Neighbouring States

1. British Paramountcy in India
2. Evolution of British Policy towards Indian States
3. Ring Fence Policy and Early British Expansion
4. Subsidiary Alliance and British Control over Indian States
5. Wellesley and the Subsidiary Alliance System
6. Doctrine of Lapse and Territorial Annexation
7. Dalhousie and the Policy of Annexation
8. Annexation of Awadh and British Expansion
9. Princely States under British Paramountcy
10. British Residents in Indian Princely States
11. Princely States Policy under Crown Rule
12. Anglo-Nepalese Relations in the Colonial Period
13. Treaty of Sugauli and British-Nepal Relations
14. Anglo-Burmese Relations and British Expansion
15. Anglo-Burmese Wars and Eastern Frontier Policy
16. Anglo-Bhutanese Relations under British Rule
17. Anglo-Tibetan Relations and Himalayan Politics
18. British Frontier Expansion in South Asia
19. Strategic Importance of Neighbouring States
20. Impact of Frontier Expansion on British India

UNIT 7: Early Civil Uprisings before 1857

1. Civil Uprisings before the Revolt of 1857
2. Pattern of Early Resistance to British Rule
3. Causes of Civil Uprisings before 1857
4. Sanyasi-Fakir Rebellion in Bengal
5. Moamaria Revolt in Assam
6. Ahom Revolt against British Interference
7. Midnapore-Dhalbhum Uprisings in Bengal
8. Jungle Mahal Uprisings against British Rule
9. Gorakhpur-Basti Uprisings in North India
10. Vizianagaram Revolt against British Authority
11. Ganjam-Gumsur Uprisings in Colonial India
12. Palamau Uprising and Local Resistance
13. Poligar Revolts in South India
14. Veeran Sundaralingam and Anti-Colonial Resistance
15. Velu Thampi Revolt in Travancore
16. Sangolli Rayanna and Resistance in Karnataka
17. Paika Rebellion in Odisha
18. Kolhapur-Savantvadi Revolts against British Rule
19. Kutch and Bareilly Uprisings before 1857
20. Significance of Early Civil Uprisings

UNIT 8: Religious and Sepoy Resistance before 1857

1. Religious Resistance to British Rule before 1857
2. Wahabi Movement in Colonial India
3. Sayyid Ahmad Barelvi and Wahabi Mobilisation
4. Faraizi Movement in Bengal
5. Haji Shariatullah and Faraizi Reform
6. Dudu Miyan and Peasant Mobilisation in Bengal
7. Pagal Panthis and Resistance in North-East Bengal
8. Narkelberia Uprising and Religious Mobilisation
9. Titu Mir Movement in Bengal
10. Moplah Uprisings in Malabar
11. Kuka Movement in Punjab
12. Surat Salt Agitations against British Policy
13. Sepoy Mutinies before the Revolt of 1857
14. Vellore Mutiny of 1806
15. Barrackpore Mutiny of 1824
16. Military Grievances in Company Army
17. Religious Concerns of Indian Sepoys
18. Early Sepoy Resistance and Colonial Military Policy
19. Religious Reform and Anti-Colonial Protest
20. Background to the Revolt of 1857

UNIT 9: Revolt of 1857

1. Revolt of 1857 and Its Historical Background
2. Political Causes of the Revolt of 1857
3. Economic Causes of the Revolt of 1857
4. Military Causes of the Revolt of 1857
5. Religious and Social Causes of the Revolt of 1857
6. Immediate Cause of the Revolt of 1857
7. Outbreak of the Revolt at Meerut
8. Delhi as a Centre of the Revolt of 1857
9. Kanpur during the Revolt of 1857
10. Lucknow during the Revolt of 1857
11. Jhansi during the Revolt of 1857
12. Bareilly and Rohilkhand during the Revolt
13. Bihar during the Revolt of 1857
14. Leaders of the Revolt of 1857
15. Popular Participation in the Revolt of 1857
16. Suppression of the Revolt of 1857
17. Causes of Failure of the Revolt of 1857
18. Nature of the Revolt of 1857
19. Significance of the Revolt of 1857
20. Legacy of the Revolt of 1857

UNIT 10: British Administration in India

1. Transfer of Power from Company to Crown
2. Government of India after 1858
3. Crown Administration Structure in British India
4. Secretary of State for India
5. India Council and Imperial Control
6. Viceroy and Executive Council in British India
7. Central Administration under British Rule
8. Provincial Administration under British Rule
9. District Administration in British India
10. Collector and District Administration
11. Indian Civil Services under British Rule
12. Indian Civil Services Act of 1861
13. Statutory Civil Service in British India
14. Public Service Commission in Colonial India
15. Lee Commission of 1924 and Civil Services
16. Evolution of Police System in British India
17. Military Organization under British Rule
18. Judiciary under British Rule
19. Local Self-Government under British Rule
20. Census Operations in British India
21. Racial Discrimination in British Administration

UNIT 11: Constitutional Developments in British India

1. Constitutional Development under Company Rule
2. Constitutional Development under Crown Rule
3. Parliamentary Control over the East India Company
4. Regulating Act and Constitutional Control
5. Pitt’s India Act and Dual Control
6. Charter Acts and Constitutional Growth
7. Indian Councils Act of 1861
8. Indian Councils Act of 1892
9. Morley-Minto Reforms and Indian Representation
10. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms and Dyarchy
11. Government of India Act 1919
12. Simon Commission and Constitutional Politics
13. Round Table Conferences and Constitutional Negotiations
14. Government of India Act 1935
15. Provincial Autonomy under the Government of India Act 1935
16. Federal Scheme under the Government of India Act 1935
17. Evolution of Legislative Councils in British India
18. Growth of Indian Representation in Councils
19. Separate Electorates in Constitutional Development
20. Constitutional Legacy of British Rule in India

UNIT 12: Revenue and Agrarian Economy

1. Land Revenue Policy under British Rule
2. Permanent Settlement in Bengal
3. Zamindari System under British Rule
4. Ryotwari Settlement in South India
5. Mahalwari Settlement in North India
6. Taluqdari System under British Rule
7. Revenue Farming in Colonial India
8. Village Communities under Colonial Revenue Policy
9. Commercialisation of Agriculture in British India
10. Cash Crops and Colonial Agrarian Economy
11. Rural Indebtedness under British Rule
12. Moneylenders and Colonial Agrarian Society
13. Agrarian Class Structure in British India
14. Peasant Proprietors under Colonial Rule
15. Landlords and Tenants in Colonial India
16. Plantation Economy in British India
17. Indigo Cultivation and Colonial Agrarian Control
18. Tea Plantations under British Rule
19. Famine Policy under British Rule
20. Famine Commissions in Colonial India

UNIT 13: Colonial Economy and Drain of Wealth

1. Economic Impact of British Rule in India
2. Colonial Economic Structure in India
3. Drain of Wealth from India
4. Dadabhai Naoroji and Drain Theory
5. Home Charges and Colonial Financial Drain
6. Council Bills and Colonial Finance
7. One-Way Free Trade under British Rule
8. Deindustrialisation in Colonial India
9. Decline of Indian Handicrafts under British Rule
10. Ruralisation of India under Colonial Economy
11. Impoverishment of Peasantry under British Rule
12. Colonial Tributary System in India
13. Nationalist Economic Critique of British Rule
14. C. Dutt’s Critique of Colonial Economy
15. G. Ranade and Economic Nationalism
16. V. Joshi and Nationalist Economic Thought
17. Indian Poverty Debate under Colonial Rule
18. Colonial Trade Policy and Indian Economy
19. British Capital and Indian Economic Dependence
20. Economic Nationalism in Modern India

UNIT 14: Industry, Transport and Famines

1. Indian Industrialisation under British Rule
2. Decline of Handicrafts in Colonial India
3. Growth of Modern Industries in India
4. Jute Industry in Colonial India
5. Cotton Textile Industry in Colonial India
6. Iron and Steel Industry in Colonial India
7. Tata Iron and Steel Company and Indian Industry
8. Indian Capitalists under British Rule
9. Industrial Banking Efforts in Colonial India
10. Railways in British India
11. Railway Guarantee System in British India
12. Roads and Canals under British Rule
13. Telegraph System in Colonial India
14. Postal System in British India
15. Ports and Shipping under British Rule
16. Hartog Committee and Transport Policy
17. Internal Trade in Colonial India
18. Foreign Trade under British Rule
19. Famine of 1876-78 in British India
20. Bengal Famine of 1943
21. Famine Codes in Colonial India

UNIT 15: Education and Press in British India

1. Education Policy under British Rule
2. Orientalist-Anglicist Debate in Colonial Education
3. Missionary Education in British India
4. Macaulay’s Minute on Education
5. English Education Act and Colonial Education Policy
6. Wood’s Despatch and Modern Education in India
7. Hunter Education Commission
8. Raleigh Commission and University Education
9. Hartog Committee on Education
10. Education after Crown Rule in India
11. Vernacular Education under British Rule
12. Technical Education in Colonial India
13. Women’s Education in Modern India
14. Indian Press Development under British Rule
15. Early Newspapers in Colonial India
16. Press Regulations in British India
17. Vernacular Press Act and Colonial Control
18. Indian Press and Nationalist Consciousness
19. Public Opinion Growth in Colonial India
20. Education and Rise of Indian Nationalism

UNIT 16: Socio-Religious Reform Movements

1. Background of Socio-Religious Reform in India
2. Reformist and Revivalist Streams in Modern India
3. Women’s Social Reform in Colonial India
4. Caste Reform Movements in Modern India
5. Abolition of Sati and Social Reform
6. Widow Remarriage Movement in Modern India
7. Age of Consent Debate in Colonial India
8. Brahmo Samaj and Religious Reform
9. Raja Rammohan Roy and Social Reform
10. Young Bengal Movement and Radical Thought
11. Prarthana Samaj in Western India
12. Satyashodhak Samaj and Anti-Caste Reform
13. Arya Samaj and Vedic Revivalism
14. Ramakrishna Mission and Spiritual Reform
15. Aligarh Movement and Muslim Modernism
16. Deoband Movement and Islamic Reform
17. Theosophical Movement in India
18. Sikh Reform Movements in Colonial India
19. Parsi Reform Movement in Western India
20. South Indian Social Reform Movements

UNIT 17: Nationalism and Moderate Phase

1. Rise of Indian Nationalism
2. Factors Responsible for Growth of Indian Nationalism
3. Political Associations before Indian National Congress
4. Indian Association and Early National Politics
5. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and Political Awakening
6. Madras Mahajan Sabha and Regional Nationalism
7. Bombay Presidency Association and Political Mobilisation
8. Indian National Conference and National Politics
9. Foundation of Indian National Congress
10. O. Hume and Congress Formation
11. Safety Valve Theory and Indian National Congress
12. Moderate Phase of Indian National Movement
13. Moderate Methods of Political Struggle
14. Moderate Economic Critique of British Rule
15. Moderate Constitutional Demands
16. Moderate Leadership in Indian National Congress
17. Dadabhai Naoroji and Moderate Politics
18. Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Liberal Nationalism
19. Achievements of Moderate Nationalists
20. Limitations of Moderate Politics

UNIT 18: Swadeshi, Boycott and Extremism

1. Rise of Extremism in Indian National Movement
2. Extremist Leaders and Nationalist Politics
3. Lal-Bal-Pal Leadership in Indian Nationalism
4. Bal Gangadhar Tilak’s Political Ideas
5. Partition of Bengal and Nationalist Response
6. Anti-Partition Movement in Bengal
7. Swadeshi Movement in Indian Nationalism
8. Boycott Movement against British Goods
9. National Education Movement during Swadeshi
10. Bengal National College and National Education
11. Swadeshi Samitis and Mass Mobilisation
12. Women in the Swadeshi Movement
13. Students in the Swadeshi Movement
14. Workers in the Swadeshi Movement
15. Peasants in the Swadeshi Movement
16. Swadeshi Constructive Programme
17. Swadeshi Cultural Movement
18. Swadeshi Economic Programme
19. Surat Split and Congress Division
20. British Repression during Swadeshi Movement
21. Morley-Minto Reforms and Nationalist Politics
22. Separate Electorates and Communal Representation
23. Evaluation of the Swadeshi Movement

UNIT 19: Early Revolutionary Activities

1. Background of Revolutionary Movement in India
2. Revolutionary Activities in Bengal
3. Anushilan Samiti and Revolutionary Nationalism
4. Jugantar Group and Revolutionary Politics
5. Alipore Conspiracy Case
6. Muzaffarpur Conspiracy Case
7. Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy Case
8. Abhinav Bharat and Revolutionary Activities
9. Chapekar Brothers and Early Revolutionary Action
10. Nasik Conspiracy Case
11. Revolutionary Activities in Punjab
12. Revolutionary Activities Abroad
13. India House and Revolutionary Nationalism
14. Shyamji Krishna Varma and India House
15. Ghadar Movement and Overseas Revolutionaries
16. Komagata Maru Incident and Indian Nationalism
17. Singapore Mutiny and Revolutionary Politics
18. Berlin Committee and Indian Revolutionaries
19. Hindu-German Conspiracy during World War I
20. Christmas Day Plot and Revolutionary Plans
21. Kabul Provisional Government of India
22. World War I Revolutionaries and Anti-Colonial Politics
23. Decline of Early Revolutionary Activities

UNIT 20: World War I and Gandhian Era

1. First World War and Indian Politics
2. India’s Role in the First World War
3. War Economy in India during World War I
4. Indian Home Rule Movement
5. Home Rule Leagues in India
6. Tilak’s Home Rule League
7. Annie Besant’s Home Rule League
8. Lucknow Pact and Hindu-Muslim Unity
9. August Declaration of 1917
10. Gandhi in South Africa
11. Gandhi’s Satyagraha Method
12. Gandhi’s Return to India
13. Champaran Satyagraha and Peasant Mobilisation
14. Ahmedabad Mill Strike and Labour Satyagraha
15. Kheda Satyagraha and Agrarian Protest
16. Rowlatt Committee and Repressive Legislation
17. Rowlatt Bills and Civil Liberties
18. Rowlatt Satyagraha and Mass Protest
19. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
20. Hunter Committee and Colonial Repression

UNIT 21: Non-Cooperation and Swarajists

1. Khilafat Movement and Indian Nationalism
2. Khilafat Leaders and Mass Mobilisation
3. Ali Brothers and Khilafat Politics
4. Non-Cooperation Movement under Gandhi
5. Programme of the Non-Cooperation Movement
6. Students and Lawyers in Non-Cooperation Movement
7. Peasants and Workers in Non-Cooperation Movement
8. Prince of Wales Riots and Mass Protest
9. Chauri Chaura Incident and Non-Cooperation Movement
10. Withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement
11. Flag Satyagraha and Nationalist Symbolism
12. Swaraj Party and Council Entry Politics
13. Council Entry Debate in Indian National Congress
14. Swarajist Manifesto and Legislative Strategy
15. Achievements of the Swaraj Party
16. No-Changers and Constructive Programme
17. Constructive Work after Non-Cooperation Movement
18. Gandhi’s Leadership after Non-Cooperation
19. Mass Politics after Non-Cooperation Movement
20. Transition to Civil Disobedience Politics

UNIT 22: Socialist, Caste and Revolutionary Politics

1. Socialist Ideas in Indian National Movement
2. Marxist Influence in Colonial India
3. Formation of Communist Party of India
4. Youth Movements in Nationalist Politics
5. Student Politics in Colonial India
6. Trade Unionism and Labour Politics
7. Caste Movements in Colonial India
8. Justice Party and Non-Brahmin Politics
9. Self-Respect Movement in South India
10. Revolutionary Socialism in Indian Nationalism
11. Kakori Conspiracy Case
12. Hindustan Republican Association
13. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
14. Saunders Murder Case and Revolutionary Politics
15. Central Legislative Assembly Bomb Case
16. Lahore Conspiracy Case
17. Jatin Das Fast and Revolutionary Protest
18. Chittagong Armoury Raid
19. Surya Sen and Revolutionary Nationalism
20. Ideological Shift in Revolutionary Movement

UNIT 23: Simon Commission to Civil Disobedience

1. Simon Commission and Constitutional Politics
2. Boycott of the Simon Commission
3. Simon Commission Protests of 1928
4. Nehru Report and Constitutional Demands
5. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
6. Lahore Congress of 1929
7. Purna Swaraj Resolution
8. Civil Disobedience Movement under Gandhi
9. Dandi Salt March and Salt Satyagraha
10. Dharasana Satyagraha and Civil Resistance
11. Vedaranyam March in Tamil Nadu
12. Khudai Khidmatgar and Frontier Nationalism
13. Qissa Khwani Massacre
14. Gandhi-Irwin Pact and Political Negotiation
15. Karachi Congress of 1931
16. Round Table Conferences and Indian Politics
17. Communal Award and Constitutional Representation
18. Poona Pact and Depressed Classes Representation
19. Gandhi-Ambedkar Debate on Separate Electorates
20. Evaluation of the Civil Disobedience Movement

UNIT 24: Congress Ministries and Subhas Chandra Bose

1. Aftermath of Civil Disobedience Movement
2. Council Entry Debate after Civil Disobedience
3. Government of India Act 1935 and Indian Politics
4. Provincial Elections of 1937
5. Congress Election Manifesto of 1937
6. Formation of Congress Ministries
7. Administrative Reforms by Congress Ministries
8. Civil Liberties Policy of Congress Ministries
9. Agrarian Measures of Congress Ministries
10. Labour Measures of Congress Ministries
11. Muslim League Response to Congress Ministries
12. Haripura Congress of 1938
13. Subhas Chandra Bose as Congress President
14. Tripuri Congress of 1939
15. Congress-Bose Crisis
16. Forward Bloc and Left Nationalism
17. Congress Ministries and Mass Expectations
18. Resignation of Congress Ministries
19. Congress Politics before World War II
20. Significance of Congress Ministries

UNIT 25: Second World War, Quit India and INA

1. Second World War and Indian National Movement
2. Congress Ministries Resignation in 1939
3. August Offer and British War Policy
4. Individual Satyagraha during World War II
5. Cripps Mission and Constitutional Deadlock
6. Quit India Movement under Gandhi
7. Quit India Resolution of 1942
8. Gandhi’s Quit India Instructions
9. Spread of the Quit India Movement
10. Congress Radio and Underground Communication
11. Underground Activities during Quit India Movement
12. Parallel Governments during Quit India Movement
13. War-Time Scarcity and Colonial Economy
14. Indian Independence League in Southeast Asia
15. Indian National Army and Armed Struggle
16. Azad Hind Government under Subhas Chandra Bose
17. Indian Legion and Overseas Nationalism
18. Leadership of the Indian National Army
19. INA Trials and Nationalist Upsurge
20. Bombay RIN Mutiny of 1946
21. Royal Air Force Strikes in British India
22. Post-War Upsurge and British Withdrawal

UNIT 26: Communalism and Partition

1. Indian Communalism in the Colonial Period
2. Growth of Communalism in Modern India
3. All-India Muslim League and Communal Politics
4. Muslim League Politics before Partition
5. Two-Nation Theory and Separatist Politics
6. Pakistan Demand and Lahore Resolution
7. Khaksar Movement and Muslim Politics
8. Rajagopalachari Formula and Partition Debate
9. Desai-Liaqat Pact and Communal Negotiations
10. Wavell Plan and Constitutional Deadlock
11. Simla Conference of 1945
12. Elections of 1945-46
13. Cabinet Mission Plan and Indian Unity
14. Grouping Clause Debate in Cabinet Mission Plan
15. Direct Action Day and Communal Violence
16. Noakhali Riots and Partition Violence
17. Attlee’s Declaration and British Withdrawal
18. Mountbatten Plan and Partition of India
19. Transfer of Power in 1947
20. Radcliffe Boundary Commission
21. Partition of India and Refugee Crisis

UNIT 27: Peasant Movements in Colonial India

1. Peasantry under Colonial Rule
2. Peasant Movements in Colonial India
3. Indigo Revolt in Bengal
4. Pabna Agrarian Leagues
5. Deccan Riots and Rural Indebtedness
6. Punjab Agrarian Unrest under British Rule
7. Champaran Peasant Movement
8. Kheda Peasant Movement
9. Awadh Kisan Sabha and Peasant Mobilisation
10. Eka Movement in United Provinces
11. Coolie-Begar Movement in Kumaon
12. Mappila Rebellion in Malabar
13. Bardoli Satyagraha and Peasant Resistance
14. All India Kisan Sabha
15. Bihar Kisan Movement
16. Sahajanand Saraswati and Peasant Politics
17. Tebhaga Movement in Bengal
18. Telangana Peasant Struggle
19. Peasant Movements and Indian Nationalism
20. Comparison of Peasant Movements in Colonial India

UNIT 28: Tribal Movements in Colonial India

1. Tribal Revolts under British Rule
2. Causes of Tribal Movements in Colonial India
3. Chuar Uprising in Bengal
4. Kol Rebellion in Chotanagpur
5. Santhal Hul and Tribal Resistance
6. Ho-Munda Uprisings in Eastern India
7. Bhil Revolts in Western India
8. Koli Revolts against British Rule
9. Ramosi Revolt in Western India
10. Khond Revolts in Odisha
11. Koya Rebellions in Andhra Region
12. Birsa Munda Movement
13. Ulgulan and Munda Resistance
14. Tana Bhagat Movement
15. Rampa Rebellion in Andhra Region
16. Alluri Sitarama Raju and Tribal Resistance
17. North-East Tribal Revolts under British Rule
18. Hur Movement in Sindh
19. Tribal Movements and Colonial Forest Policy
20. Comparison of Tribal Movements in Colonial India

UNIT 29: Labour and Left Movements

1. Early Labour Movement in Colonial India
2. Factory Labour Conditions under British Rule
3. Bombay Mill Workers and Labour Politics
4. Swadeshi Labour Upsurge
5. Ahmedabad Mill Strike and Labour Mobilisation
6. Madras Labour Union and Organized Labour
7. Formation of All India Trade Union Congress
8. Trade Union Act of 1926
9. Meerut Conspiracy Case and Labour Politics
10. Workers in the Civil Disobedience Movement
11. Labour during the Second World War
12. Communist Movement in Colonial India
13. Congress Socialist Party and Left Politics
14. Achyut Patwardhan and Socialist Politics
15. Basawon Singh and Socialist Movement
16. Labour Nationalism in Colonial India
17. Trade Unionism and Indian National Movement
18. Left Politics and Anti-Colonial Struggle
19. Socialist Influence on Indian Freedom Movement
20. Legacy of Labour and Left Movements

UNIT 30: Governors-General and Viceroys of India

1. Robert Clive and Company Expansion
2. Warren Hastings and Early British Administration
3. Lord Cornwallis and Administrative Reforms
4. Sir John Shore and Non-Intervention Policy
5. Lord Wellesley and Subsidiary Alliance
6. Lord Minto I and Anglo-French Rivalry
7. Lord Hastings and Expansion of British Paramountcy
8. Lord Amherst and Anglo-Burmese War
9. Lord William Bentinck and Liberal Reforms
10. Lord Auckland and Afghan Policy
11. Lord Ellenborough and Frontier Affairs
12. Lord Hardinge I and Anglo-Sikh Relations
13. Lord Dalhousie and Doctrine of Lapse
14. Lord Canning and the Revolt of 1857
15. Lord Elgin I and Crown Administration
16. Lord Lawrence and Frontier Policy
17. Lord Mayo and Administrative Decentralisation
18. Lord Northbrook and Financial Administration
19. Lord Lytton and Imperial Policy
20. Lord Ripon and Local Self-Government
21. Lord Dufferin and Early Congress Politics
22. Lord Lansdowne and Frontier Policy
23. Lord Elgin II and Famine Administration
24. Lord Curzon and Imperial Reforms
25. Lord Minto II and Morley-Minto Reforms
26. Lord Hardinge II and Capital Transfer
27. Lord Chelmsford and Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
28. Lord Reading and Post-War Nationalism
29. Lord Irwin and Civil Disobedience Politics
30. Lord Willingdon and Repression of Civil Disobedience

UNIT 31: Important British Era Acts and Laws

1. Regulating Act of 1773
2. Pitt’s India Act of 1784
3. Charter Act of 1793
4. Charter Act of 1813
5. Charter Act of 1833
6. Charter Act of 1853
7. Government of India Act 1858
8. Indian Councils Act 1861
9. Indian Councils Act 1892
10. Indian Councils Act 1909
11. Government of India Act 1919
12. Government of India Act 1935
13. Vernacular Press Act of 1878
14. Arms Act of 1878
15. Ilbert Bill Controversy
16. Factory Act of 1881
17. Factory Act of 1891
18. Age of Consent Act
19. Indian Universities Act
20. Official Secrets Act
21. Indian Press Act
22. Rowlatt Act and Repressive Legislation
23. Trade Union Act of 1926
24. Criminal Tribes Act under British Rule
25. Sati Regulation Act
26. Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act
27. Sharda Act of 1929
28. Indian Independence Act of 1947

UNIT 32: Important Congress Sessions

1. Bombay Congress Session of 1885
2. Calcutta Congress Session of 1906
3. Surat Congress Session of 1907
4. Lucknow Congress Session of 1916
5. Calcutta Congress Session of 1920
6. Nagpur Congress Session of 1920
7. Gaya Congress Session of 1922
8. Belgaum Congress Session of 1924
9. Madras Congress Session of 1927
10. Lahore Congress Session of 1929
11. Karachi Congress Session of 1931
12. Faizpur Congress Session of 1936
13. Haripura Congress Session of 1938
14. Tripuri Congress Session of 1939
15. Meerut Congress Session of 1946
16. Congress Sessions and Nationalist Strategy
17. Congress Sessions and Constitutional Demands
18. Congress Sessions and Mass Movements
19. Congress Sessions and Leadership Changes
20. Significance of Important Congress Sessions

UNIT 33: Newspapers and Publications in Modern India

1. Bengal Gazette and Early Indian Press
2. Samvad Kaumudi and Social Reform
3. Mirat-ul-Akbar and Reformist Journalism
4. Tattvabodhini Patrika and Intellectual Awakening
5. Hindu Patriot and Indigo Revolt
6. Amrita Bazar Patrika and Nationalist Press
7. Kesari and Mahratta in Nationalist Politics
8. The Hindu Newspaper and Public Opinion
9. Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh in Nationalist Journalism
10. Young India and Gandhian Politics
11. Navajivan and Gandhian Communication
12. Harijan and Social Reform
13. Bande Mataram and Extremist Nationalism
14. Yugantar and Revolutionary Nationalism
15. Sandhya and Revolutionary Journalism
16. Ghadar Newspaper and Overseas Nationalism
17. Indian Sociologist and Revolutionary Thought
18. Commonweal and New India under Annie Besant
19. Indian Opinion and Gandhi in South Africa
20. Free Hindustan and Overseas Revolutionary Politics

UNIT 34: Organisations, Commissions and Pacts

1. Atmiya Sabha and Early Reformist Thought
2. Servants of India Society and Moderate Nationalism
3. Hindu Mahasabha and Communal Politics
4. Ghadar Party and Revolutionary Nationalism
5. All India Trade Union Congress and Labour Politics
6. Butler Committee and Princely States
7. Cabinet Mission and Constitutional Negotiations
8. Boundary Commission and Partition of India
9. Treaty of Salbai and Anglo-Maratha Relations
10. Treaty of Bassein and British-Maratha Politics
11. Important Organisations in Indian National Movement
12. Important Commissions under British Rule
13. Important Pacts in Modern Indian History
14. Political Associations and Nationalist Mobilisation
15. Constitutional Commissions and Indian Demands
16. Labour Organisations in Colonial India
17. Communal Organisations in Colonial Politics
18. Revolutionary Organisations in Modern India
19. Treaties and British Expansion in India
20. Role of Organisations in Indian Freedom Struggle

UNIT 35: Independent India

1. Indian Independence Day and Transfer of Power
2. Partition Rehabilitation in Independent India
3. Liaquat-Nehru Pact and Minority Protection
4. Gandhi Assassination and National Integration
5. Political Integration of India
6. Integration of Princely States
7. Sardar Patel and Indian Integration
8. P. Menon and States Integration
9. Integration of Junagadh into India
10. Integration of Hyderabad into India
11. Accession of Kashmir to India
12. Instrument of Accession and Kashmir
13. Republic of India and Constitutional Transition
14. National Language Debate in Independent India
15. First General Elections in India
16. Linguistic Reorganisation of States
17. French India Integration with India
18. Yanaon Coup and French India
19. Goa Annexation and Portuguese Rule
20. Nehruvian Foreign Policy
21. Panchsheel and Non-Alignment

UNIT 36: Princely States Movements

1. Praja Mandal Movement in Princely States
2. States People’s Movement in Colonial India
3. Political Mobilisation in Indian States
4. Chamber of Princes and British Paramountcy
5. Aundh Experiment and Constitutional Reform
6. Travancore State Congress
7. Mysore People’s Movement
8. Hyderabad State Congress
9. Kashmir National Conference
10. Rajkot Satyagraha and Princely State Politics
11. Orissa States Movement
12. Popular Movements in Princely States
13. Congress and Princely States Movements
14. Civil Rights in Princely States
15. Responsible Government Demand in Princely States
16. Peasant Issues in Princely States
17. British Policy towards Princely State Agitations
18. National Movement and Indian States
19. Integration of Princely States and Popular Politics
20. Legacy of Princely States Movements

UNIT 37: Social Reformers and Thinkers

1. Raja Rammohan Roy and Modern Indian Reform
2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar and Social Reform
3. Dayananda Saraswati and Arya Samaj
4. Swami Vivekananda and Spiritual Nationalism
5. Jyotirao Phule and Anti-Caste Reform
6. Savitribai Phule and Women’s Education
7. Pandita Ramabai and Women’s Reform
8. Dhondo Keshav Karve and Widow Remarriage
9. Mahadev Govind Ranade and Social Reform
10. Gopal Hari Deshmukh and Rational Reform
11. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar and Social Criticism
12. Kandukuri Veeresalingam and Andhra Reform
13. Narayana Guru and Social Equality
14. Ayyankali and Dalit Mobilisation
15. Ayya Vaikundar and Social Reform in Tamil Region
16. Periyar and Self-Respect Movement
17. Rettamalai Srinivasan and Dalit Politics
18. Vitthal Ramji Shinde and Depressed Classes Reform
19. R. Ambedkar and Social Justice
20. Shahu Maharaj and Non-Brahmin Reform
21. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Muslim Modernism
22. Vakkom Moulavi and Muslim Reform
23. Sister Nivedita and National Education
24. Muthulakshmi Reddy and Women’s Reform
25. Vaidyanatha Iyer and Temple Entry Movement
26. Subramania Iyer and Social Reform
27. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty and Public Life
28. Baba Amte and Social Service
29. Vinoba Bhave and Bhoodan Movement

UNIT 38: Nationalist and Congress Leaders

1. Dadabhai Naoroji and Economic Nationalism
2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale and Moderate Politics
3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Extremist Nationalism
4. Lala Lajpat Rai and Nationalist Politics
5. Annie Besant and Home Rule Movement
6. Mahatma Gandhi and Mass Nationalism
7. Abul Kalam Azad and Nationalist Leadership
8. Jawaharlal Nehru and Indian National Movement
9. Vallabhbhai Patel and National Integration
10. Rajagopalachari and Constitutional Politics
11. Rajendra Prasad and Nationalist Leadership
12. Sarojini Naidu and Women in National Movement
13. Chittaranjan Das and Swarajist Politics
14. B. Kripalani and Congress Organisation
15. Purushottam Das Tandon and Hindi Politics
16. Govind Ballabh Pant and Provincial Politics
17. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai and Congress Leadership
18. Bidhan Chandra Roy and Public Life
19. Kamaraj and Congress Organisation
20. K. Krishna Menon and Indian Diplomacy
21. Venkataraman and National Politics
22. Syama Prasad Mukherjee and Nationalist Politics
23. K. Fazlul Huq and Bengal Politics
24. Muhammad Ali Jinnah and Muslim League Politics
25. Hakim Ajmal Khan and Nationalist Politics
26. Mohammad Ali Jauhar and Khilafat Movement
27. M. Munshi and Constitutional Nationalism
28. Jatindra Mohan Sengupta and Bengal Nationalism
29. Dukkipati Nageswara Rao and Andhra Nationalism
30. Kakkan and Congress Politics
31. Bhaktavatsalam and Tamil Nadu Politics
32. Shri Krishna Singh and Bihar Politics

UNIT 39: Revolutionary and Militant Leaders

1. Sri Aurobindo and Revolutionary Nationalism
2. Niralamba Swami and Revolutionary Thought
3. Khudiram Bose and Revolutionary Sacrifice
4. Prafulla Chaki and Revolutionary Action
5. Bagha Jatin and Revolutionary Movement
6. Rash Behari Bose and Overseas Revolution
7. Bhagat Singh and Revolutionary Socialism
8. Ram Prasad Bismil and Kakori Conspiracy
9. Ashfaqulla Khan and Revolutionary Nationalism
10. Jatindra Nath Das and Hunger Strike
11. Surya Sen and Chittagong Armoury Raid
12. Pritilata Waddedar and Revolutionary Action
13. Vanchinathan and Anti-Colonial Resistance
14. O. Chidambaram and Swadeshi Enterprise
15. Subramania Bharati and Nationalist Literature
16. Subramaniya Siva and Tamil Nationalism
17. Hemu Kalani and Youth Resistance
18. Tarak Nath Das and Overseas Nationalism
19. Har Dayal and Ghadar Movement
20. Ubaidullah Sindhi and Revolutionary Politics
21. Muhammad Mansoor Ansari and Kabul Mission
22. Shyamji Krishna Varma and India House
23. Bhikaiji Cama and International Nationalism
24. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya and Revolutionary Diplomacy
25. N. Roy and Radical Politics
26. Bhupendra Kumar Datta and Revolutionary Movement
27. Bhavabhushan Mitra and Revolutionary Activities
28. Yogendra Shukla and Revolutionary Struggle
29. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi and Nationalist Politics
30. Nagnath Naikwadi and Militant Nationalism
31. Satyapal Dang and Left Politics
32. Subhas Chandra Bose and Armed Nationalism

UNIT 40: Women and Regional Activists

1. Accamma Cherian and Travancore State Politics
2. Annapurna Maharana and Odisha Nationalism
3. Aruna Asaf Ali and Quit India Movement
4. Mithuben Petit and Gandhian Nationalism
5. Tara Rani Srivastava and Quit India Movement
6. Tiruppur Kumaran and Tamil Nationalism
7. Bharathidasan and Tamil Social Reform
8. Rahul Sankrityayan and Intellectual Nationalism
9. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan and Frontier Gandhi
10. Khudai Khidmatgar Movement under Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
11. Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi and Khaksar Movement
12. Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi and Hur Movement
13. Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai and Regional Nationalism
14. Chetram Jatav and Social Mobilisation
15. Women Activists in Indian Freedom Struggle
16. Regional Activists in Indian National Movement
17. Grassroots Leadership in the Freedom Movement
18. Local Resistance and Nationalist Politics
19. Regional Diversity of Indian Nationalism
20. Legacy of Women and Regional Activists

UNIT 41: British Officials and Missions

1. Sir Stafford Cripps and Cripps Mission
2. Sir James Outram and British Expansion
3. Clement Attlee and Transfer of Power
4. Pethick-Lawrence and Cabinet Mission
5. V. Alexander and Cabinet Mission
6. Cyril Radcliffe and Boundary Commission
7. Edwin Montagu and Constitutional Reforms
8. John Morley and Indian Councils Reform
9. India Office and British Control over India
10. British War Cabinet and Indian Policy
11. Viceroy’s Executive Council under British Rule
12. Cabinet Mission Members and Constitutional Negotiations
13. British Officials and Indian Constitutional Development
14. British Missions to India before Independence
15. Cripps Mission and Wartime Constitutional Politics
16. Cabinet Mission Plan and Transfer of Power
17. Radcliffe Award and Partition Boundaries
18. British Administrative Personnel in India
19. British Policy-Making Institutions for India
20. Role of British Officials in India’s Independence Process