Modern Indian History Units

Unit 1: Sources and Background

  1. Modern Indian Sources
  2. Pre-Conquest Political Conditions
  3. Pre-Conquest Socioeconomic Conditions
  4. Mughal Empire Decline
  5. Rise of Regional States

Unit 2: European Companies

  1. European Commercial Interests
  2. Portuguese Arrival
  3. Portuguese Settlements
  4. Dutch East India Company
  5. Dutch Settlements
  6. English East India Company
  7. English Company Factories
  8. French East India Company
  9. French Settlements
  10. Danish Settlements
  11. European Companies Comparison

Unit 3: Carnatic Wars

  1. Anglo-French Rivalry
  2. First Carnatic War
  3. Second Carnatic War
  4. Third Carnatic War
  5. Treaty of Paris
  6. French Decline
  7. British Success Factors
  8. French Failure Factors
  9. Carnatic War Personalities
  10. Carnatic War Treaties
  11. Trade to Political Power

Unit 4: Bengal, Mysore and Marathas

  1. British Imperial Expansion
  2. Pre-Plassey Bengal
  3. Siraj-ud-Daulah
  4. Battle of Plassey
  5. Shuja-ud-Daula
  6. Treaty of Allahabad
  7. Bengal Dual Government
  8. Mysore Resistance
  9. Hyder Ali
  10. Tipu Sultan
  11. Anglo-Mysore Wars
  12. Maratha Confederacy
  13. Nana Fadnavis
  14. Mahadji Shinde
  15. Yashwantrao Holkar
  16. Anglo-Maratha Wars
  17. Maratha Defeat Causes

Unit 5: Punjab and Frontier

  1. Conquest of Sindh
  2. Ranjit Singh
  3. Treaty of Amritsar
  4. First Anglo-Sikh War
  5. Second Anglo-Sikh War
  6. Conquest of Punjab
  7. Tripartite Treaty
  8. Anglo-Afghan Relations
  9. First Afghan War
  10. Northwest Frontier Policy
  11. Masterly Inactivity
  12. Proud Reserve Policy

Unit 6: Paramountcy and Neighbours

  1. British Paramountcy
  2. Ring Fence Policy
  3. Subsidiary Alliance
  4. Doctrine of Lapse
  5. Annexation Policy
  6. Princely States Policy
  7. Anglo-Nepalese Relations
  8. Anglo-Burmese Relations
  9. Anglo-Bhutanese Relations
  10. Anglo-Tibetan Relations
  11. Frontier Expansion Impact

Unit 7: Early Civil Uprisings

  1. Pre-1857 Civil Uprisings
  2. Early Resistance Patterns
  3. Sanyasi-Fakir Rebellion
  4. Moamaria Revolt
  5. Ahom Revolt
  6. Midnapore-Dhalbhum Uprisings
  7. Jungle Mahal Uprisings
  8. Gorakhpur-Basti Uprisings
  9. Vizianagaram Revolt
  10. Ganjam-Gumsur Uprisings
  11. Palamau Uprising
  12. Poligar Revolts
  13. Veeran Sundaralingam
  14. Velu Thampi Revolt
  15. Sangolli Rayanna
  16. Paika Rebellion
  17. Kolhapur-Savantvadi Revolts
  18. Kutch-Bareilly Uprisings

Unit 8: Religious and Sepoy Resistance

  1. Wahabi Movement
  2. Faraizi Movement
  3. Pagal Panthis
  4. Narkelberia Uprising
  5. Titu Mir Movement
  6. Moplah Uprisings
  7. Kuka Movement
  8. Surat Salt Agitations
  9. Pre-1857 Sepoy Mutinies
  10. Vellore Mutiny
  11. Barrackpore Mutiny

Unit 9: Revolt of 1857

  1. Revolt Background
  2. Revolt Causes
  3. Revolt Outbreak
  4. Revolt Spread
  5. Revolt Centres
  6. Revolt Leaders
  7. Popular Participation
  8. Revolt Suppression
  9. Revolt Failure
  10. Revolt Nature
  11. Revolt Significance
  12. Revolt Legacy

Unit 10: British Administration

  1. Crown Rule Transfer
  2. Crown Administration
  3. Secretary of State
  4. Viceroy and Council
  5. Central Administration
  6. Provincial Administration
  7. District Administration
  8. Indian Civil Service
  9. Civil Service Act
  10. Statutory Civil Service
  11. Public Service Commission
  12. Lee Commission
  13. Colonial Police System
  14. British Indian Army
  15. Colonial Judiciary
  16. Local Self-Government
  17. British Indian Census
  18. Racial Discrimination

Unit 11: Constitutional Developments

  1. Company Constitutional Development
  2. Crown Constitutional Development
  3. Parliamentary Control
  4. Legislative Councils
  5. Indian Representation
  6. Separate Electorates
  7. Dyarchy and Autonomy
  8. Federal Scheme
  9. Constitutional Reforms Comparison
  10. Constitutional Legacy

Unit 12: Revenue and Agrarian Economy

  1. Permanent Settlement
  2. Ryotwari Settlement
  3. Mahalwari Settlement
  4. Zamindari System
  5. Taluqdari System
  6. Revenue Farming
  7. Village Communities
  8. Agricultural Commercialisation
  9. Rural Indebtedness
  10. Agrarian Class Structure
  11. Plantation Economy
  12. Colonial Famine Policy
  13. Famine Commissions

Unit 13: Colonial Economy

  1. Colonial Economic Impact
  2. Drain of Wealth
  3. Home Charges
  4. Council Bills
  5. One-Way Free Trade
  6. Deindustrialisation
  7. Ruralisation of India
  8. Peasant Impoverishment
  9. Nationalist Economic Critique
  10. Drain Theory Thinkers
  11. R.C. Dutt
  12. Colonial Tributary System

Unit 14: Industry and Transport

  1. Indian Industrialisation
  2. Handicraft Decline
  3. Modern Indian Industries
  4. Jute Industry
  5. Cotton Textile Industry
  6. Iron and Steel Industry
  7. Indian Capitalists
  8. Industrial Banking
  9. Colonial Railways
  10. Railway Guarantee System
  11. Roads and Canals
  12. Indian Telegraph System
  13. Indian Postal System
  14. Ports and Shipping
  15. Hartog Committee
  16. Internal Trade
  17. Foreign Trade
  18. Famine of 1876–78
  19. Bengal Famine
  20. Famine Codes

Unit 15: Education and Press

  1. Orientalist-Anglicist Debate
  2. Missionary Education
  3. Macaulay’s Minute
  4. Wood’s Despatch
  5. Hunter Education Commission
  6. Raleigh Commission
  7. Hartog Committee
  8. Crown-Era Education
  9. Vernacular Education
  10. Technical Education
  11. Indian Press Development
  12. Press Regulations
  13. Public Opinion Growth

Unit 16: Socio-Religious Reform

  1. Reform Movement Background
  2. Reformist and Revivalist Streams
  3. Women’s Social Reform
  4. Caste Reform Movements
  5. Abolition of Sati
  6. Widow Remarriage Movement
  7. Age of Consent Debate
  8. Brahmo Samaj
  9. Young Bengal Movement
  10. Prarthana Samaj
  11. Satyashodhak Samaj
  12. Arya Samaj
  13. Ramakrishna Mission
  14. Aligarh Movement
  15. Deoband Movement
  16. Theosophical Movement
  17. Sikh Reform Movements
  18. Parsi Reform Movement
  19. South Indian Reform

Unit 17: Nationalism and Moderates

  1. Rise of Nationalism
  2. Nationalism Growth Factors
  3. Early Political Associations
  4. Indian Association
  5. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
  6. Madras Mahajan Sabha
  7. Bombay Presidency Association
  8. Indian National Conference
  9. Indian National Congress
  10. Congress Foundation
  11. Safety Valve Theory
  12. Moderate Phase
  13. Moderate Methods
  14. Moderate Economic Critique
  15. Moderate Constitutional Demands
  16. Moderate Leadership
  17. Moderate Limitations

Unit 18: Swadeshi and Extremism

  1. Rise of Extremism
  2. Extremist Leaders
  3. Lal-Bal-Pal
  4. Tilak’s Political Ideas
  5. Bengal Partition
  6. Anti-Partition Movement
  7. Swadeshi Movement
  8. Boycott Movement
  9. National Education Movement
  10. Bengal National College
  11. Swadeshi Samitis
  12. Women in Swadeshi
  13. Students in Swadeshi
  14. Workers in Swadeshi
  15. Peasants in Swadeshi
  16. Swadeshi Constructive Programme
  17. Swadeshi Cultural Movement
  18. Swadeshi Economic Programme
  19. Surat Split
  20. British Repression
  21. Morley-Minto Reforms
  22. Separate Electorates
  23. Swadeshi Movement Evaluation

Unit 19: Early Revolutionaries

  1. Revolutionary Movement Background
  2. Bengal Revolutionaries
  3. Anushilan Samiti
  4. Jugantar Group
  5. Alipore Conspiracy Case
  6. Muzaffarpur Conspiracy Case
  7. Delhi-Lahore Conspiracy
  8. Abhinav Bharat
  9. Chapekar Brothers
  10. Nasik Conspiracy Case
  11. Punjab Revolutionaries
  12. Overseas Revolutionary Activities
  13. India House
  14. Ghadar Movement
  15. Komagata Maru Incident
  16. Singapore Mutiny
  17. Berlin Committee
  18. Hindu-German Conspiracy
  19. Christmas Day Plot
  20. Kabul Provisional Government
  21. World War Revolutionaries
  22. Revolutionary Movement Decline

Unit 20: World War and Gandhi

  1. First World War
  2. India in World War
  3. Indian War Economy
  4. Home Rule Movement
  5. Home Rule Leagues
  6. Tilak Home Rule League
  7. Besant Home Rule League
  8. Lucknow Pact
  9. August Declaration
  10. Gandhi in South Africa
  11. Satyagraha
  12. Gandhi’s Return
  13. Champaran Satyagraha
  14. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
  15. Kheda Satyagraha
  16. Rowlatt Committee
  17. Rowlatt Bills
  18. Rowlatt Satyagraha
  19. Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
  20. Hunter Committee

Unit 21: Non-Cooperation and Swarajists

  1. Khilafat Movement
  2. Khilafat Leaders
  3. Ali Brothers
  4. Non-Cooperation Movement
  5. Non-Cooperation Programme
  6. Students and Lawyers
  7. Peasants and Workers
  8. Prince of Wales Riots
  9. Chauri Chaura Incident
  10. Non-Cooperation Withdrawal
  11. Flag Satyagraha
  12. Swaraj Party
  13. Council Entry Debate
  14. Swarajist Manifesto
  15. Swarajist Achievements
  16. No-Changers Programme
  17. Constructive Work
  18. Mass Politics Transition

Unit 22: Socialist and Caste Politics

  1. Socialist Ideas
  2. Marxist Influence
  3. Communist Party Formation
  4. Youth Movements
  5. Student Politics
  6. Trade Unionism
  7. Caste Movements
  8. Justice Party
  9. Self-Respect Movement
  10. Revolutionary Socialism
  11. Kakori Conspiracy
  12. Hindustan Republican Association
  13. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association
  14. Saunders Murder Case
  15. Assembly Bomb Case
  16. Lahore Conspiracy Case
  17. Jatin Das Fast
  18. Chittagong Armoury Raid
  19. Revolutionary Ideological Shift

Unit 23: Simon to Civil Disobedience

  1. Simon Commission
  2. Simon Commission Boycott
  3. Simon Protests
  4. Nehru Report
  5. Jinnah’s Fourteen Points
  6. Lahore Congress
  7. Purna Swaraj Resolution
  8. Civil Disobedience Movement
  9. Dandi March
  10. Dharasana Satyagraha
  11. Vedaranyam March
  12. Khudai Khidmatgar
  13. Qissa Khwani Massacre
  14. Gandhi-Irwin Pact
  15. Karachi Congress
  16. Round Table Conferences
  17. Communal Award
  18. Poona Pact
  19. Gandhi-Ambedkar Debate
  20. Civil Disobedience Evaluation

Unit 24: Congress Ministries and Bose

  1. Civil Disobedience Aftermath
  2. Council Entry Debate
  3. Government Act Politics
  4. Provincial Elections
  5. Congress Election Manifesto
  6. Congress Ministries
  7. Ministry Reforms
  8. Civil Liberties Policy
  9. Agrarian Labour Measures
  10. Muslim League Response
  11. Haripura Congress
  12. Tripuri Congress
  13. Congress-Bose Crisis
  14. Forward Bloc

Unit 25: War, Quit India and INA

  1. Second World War
  2. Congress Ministries Resignation
  3. August Offer
  4. Individual Satyagraha
  5. Cripps Mission
  6. Quit India Movement
  7. Quit India Resolution
  8. Gandhi’s Quit India Instructions
  9. Quit India Spread
  10. Congress Radio
  11. Underground Activities
  12. Parallel Governments
  13. Wartime Scarcity
  14. Indian Independence League
  15. Indian National Army
  16. Azad Hind Government
  17. Indian Legion
  18. INA Leadership
  19. INA Trials
  20. Royal Indian Navy Mutiny
  21. Royal Air Force Strikes
  22. Postwar Upsurge

Unit 26: Communalism and Partition

  1. Indian Communalism
  2. Communalism Growth
  3. All-India Muslim League
  4. Muslim League Politics
  5. Two-Nation Theory
  6. Pakistan Demand
  7. Khaksar Movement
  8. Rajagopalachari Formula
  9. Desai-Liaqat Pact
  10. Wavell Plan
  11. Simla Conference
  12. Elections of 1945–46
  13. Cabinet Mission Plan
  14. Grouping Clause Debate
  15. Direct Action Day
  16. Noakhali Riots
  17. Attlee Declaration
  18. Mountbatten Plan
  19. Transfer of Power
  20. Partition of India
  21. Radcliffe Boundary Commission
  22. Partition Refugee Crisis

Unit 27: Peasant Movements

  1. Colonial Peasantry
  2. Indigo Revolt
  3. Pabna Agrarian Leagues
  4. Deccan Riots
  5. Punjab Agrarian Unrest
  6. Champaran Peasant Movement
  7. Kheda Peasant Movement
  8. Awadh Kisan Sabha
  9. Eka Movement
  10. Coolie-Begar Movement
  11. Mappila Rebellion
  12. Bardoli Satyagraha
  13. All India Kisan Sabha
  14. Bihar Kisan Movement
  15. Sahajanand Saraswati
  16. Tebhaga Movement
  17. Telangana Peasant Struggle
  18. Peasant Movements Comparison

Unit 28: Tribal Movements

  1. Tribal Revolts
  2. Chuar Uprising
  3. Kol Rebellion
  4. Santhal Hul
  5. Ho-Munda Uprisings
  6. Bhil Revolts
  7. Koli Revolts
  8. Ramosi Revolt
  9. Khond Revolts
  10. Koya Rebellions
  11. Birsa Munda Movement
  12. Tana Bhagat Movement
  13. Rampa Rebellion
  14. Alluri Sitarama Raju
  15. Northeast Tribal Revolts
  16. Hur Movement
  17. Tribal Movements Comparison

Unit 29: Labour and Left Movements

  1. Early Labour Movement
  2. Factory Labour Conditions
  3. Bombay Mill Workers
  4. Swadeshi Labour Upsurge
  5. Ahmedabad Mill Strike
  6. Madras Labour Union
  7. AITUC Formation
  8. Meerut Conspiracy Case
  9. Workers and Civil Disobedience
  10. Wartime Labour
  11. Communist Movement
  12. Congress Socialist Party
  13. Achyut Patwardhan
  14. Basawon Singh
  15. Left Movement Legacy
  16. Trade Union Act

Unit 30: Governors-General and Viceroys

  1. Robert Clive
  2. Warren Hastings
  3. Lord Cornwallis
  4. Sir John Shore
  5. Lord Wellesley
  6. Lord Minto I
  7. Lord Hastings
  8. Lord Amherst
  9. Lord William Bentinck
  10. Lord Auckland
  11. Lord Ellenborough
  12. Lord Hardinge I
  13. Lord Dalhousie
  14. Lord Canning
  15. Lord Elgin I
  16. Lord Lawrence
  17. Lord Mayo
  18. Lord Northbrook
  19. Lord Lytton
  20. Lord Ripon
  21. Lord Dufferin
  22. Lord Lansdowne
  23. Lord Elgin II
  24. Lord Curzon
  25. Lord Minto II
  26. Lord Hardinge II
  27. Lord Chelmsford
  28. Lord Reading
  29. Lord Irwin
  30. Lord Willingdon

Unit 31: British-Era Acts

  1. Regulating Act 1773
  2. Pitt’s India Act
  3. Charter Act 1793
  4. Charter Act 1813
  5. Charter Act 1833
  6. Charter Act 1853
  7. Government of India Act 1858
  8. Indian Councils Act 1861
  9. Indian Councils Act 1892
  10. Indian Councils Act 1909
  11. Government of India Act 1919
  12. Government of India Act 1935
  13. Vernacular Press Act
  14. Arms Act 1878
  15. Ilbert Bill
  16. Factory Act 1881
  17. Factory Act 1891
  18. Age of Consent Act
  19. Indian Universities Act
  20. Official Secrets Act
  21. Indian Press Act
  22. Rowlatt Act
  23. Trade Union Act 1926
  24. Criminal Tribes Act
  25. Sati Regulation Act
  26. Widow Remarriage Act
  27. Sharda Act 1929
  28. Indian Independence Act

Unit 32: Congress Sessions

  1. Bombay Congress 1885
  2. Calcutta Congress 1906
  3. Surat Congress 1907
  4. Lucknow Congress 1916
  5. Calcutta Congress 1920
  6. Nagpur Congress 1920
  7. Gaya Congress 1922
  8. Belgaum Congress 1924
  9. Madras Congress 1927
  10. Lahore Congress 1929
  11. Karachi Congress 1931
  12. Faizpur Congress 1936
  13. Haripura Congress 1938
  14. Tripuri Congress 1939
  15. Meerut Congress 1946

Unit 33: Newspapers and Publications

  1. Bengal Gazette
  2. Samvad Kaumudi
  3. Mirat-ul-Akbar
  4. Tattvabodhini Patrika
  5. Hindu Patriot
  6. Amrita Bazar Patrika
  7. Kesari and Mahratta
  8. The Hindu
  9. Al-Hilal and Al-Balagh
  10. Young India
  11. Navajivan and Harijan
  12. Bande Mataram
  13. Yugantar and Sandhya
  14. Ghadar Newspaper
  15. Indian Sociologist
  16. Commonweal and New India
  17. Indian Opinion
  18. Free Hindustan

Unit 34: Organisations and Pacts

  1. Atmiya Sabha
  2. Servants of India Society
  3. Hindu Mahasabha
  4. Ghadar Party
  5. AITUC
  6. Butler Committee
  7. Cabinet Mission
  8. Boundary Commission
  9. Treaty of Salbai
  10. Treaty of Bassein

Unit 35: Independent India

  1. Indian Independence Day
  2. Partition Rehabilitation
  3. Liaquat-Nehru Pact
  4. Gandhi Assassination
  5. Political Integration
  6. Princely States Integration
  7. Junagadh Integration
  8. Hyderabad Integration
  9. Kashmir Accession
  10. Instrument of Accession
  11. Republic of India
  12. National Language Debate
  13. First General Elections
  14. Linguistic Reorganisation
  15. French India Integration
  16. Yanaon Coup
  17. Goa Annexation
  18. Nehruvian Foreign Policy
  19. Panchsheel and Non-Alignment

Unit 36: Princely States Movements

  1. Praja Mandal Movement
  2. States People’s Movement
  3. State Political Mobilisation
  4. Chamber of Princes
  5. Aundh Experiment
  6. Travancore State Congress
  7. Mysore People’s Movement
  8. Hyderabad State Congress
  9. Kashmir National Conference
  10. Rajkot Satyagraha
  11. Orissa States Movement
  12. Princely States Legacy

Unit 37: Social Reformers

  1. Raja Rammohan Roy
  2. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar
  3. Dayananda Saraswati
  4. Swami Vivekananda
  5. Jyotirao Phule
  6. Savitribai Phule
  7. Pandita Ramabai
  8. Dhondo Keshav Karve
  9. Mahadev Govind Ranade
  10. Gopal Hari Deshmukh
  11. Gopal Ganesh Agarkar
  12. Kandukuri Veeresalingam
  13. Narayana Guru
  14. Ayyankali
  15. Ayya Vaikundar
  16. Periyar
  17. Rettamalai Srinivasan
  18. Vitthal Ramji Shinde
  19. B.R. Ambedkar
  20. Shahu Maharaj
  21. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan
  22. Vakkom Moulavi
  23. Sister Nivedita
  24. Muthulakshmi Reddy
  25. Vaidyanatha Iyer
  26. G. Subramania Iyer
  27. Gazulu Lakshminarasu Chetty
  28. Baba Amte
  29. Vinoba Bhave

Unit 38: Nationalist Leaders

  1. Dadabhai Naoroji
  2. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  3. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  4. Lala Lajpat Rai
  5. Annie Besant
  6. Mahatma Gandhi
  7. Abul Kalam Azad
  8. Jawaharlal Nehru
  9. Vallabhbhai Patel
  10. C. Rajagopalachari
  11. Rajendra Prasad
  12. Sarojini Naidu
  13. Chittaranjan Das
  14. J.B. Kripalani
  15. Purushottam Das Tandon
  16. Govind Ballabh Pant
  17. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
  18. Bidhan Chandra Roy
  19. K. Kamaraj
  20. V.K. Krishna Menon
  21. R. Venkataraman
  22. Syama Prasad Mukherjee
  23. A.K. Fazlul Huq
  24. Muhammad Ali Jinnah
  25. Hakim Ajmal Khan
  26. Mohammad Ali Jauhar
  27. K.M. Munshi
  28. Jatindra Mohan Sengupta
  29. Dukkipati Nageswara Rao
  30. P. Kakkan
  31. M. Bhaktavatsalam
  32. Shri Krishna Singh

Unit 39: Revolutionary Leaders

  1. Sri Aurobindo
  2. Niralamba Swami
  3. Khudiram Bose
  4. Prafulla Chaki
  5. Bagha Jatin
  6. Rash Behari Bose
  7. Bhagat Singh
  8. Ram Prasad Bismil
  9. Ashfaqulla Khan
  10. Jatindra Nath Das
  11. Surya Sen
  12. Pritilata Waddedar
  13. Vanchinathan
  14. V.O. Chidambaram
  15. Subramania Bharati
  16. Subramaniya Siva
  17. Hemu Kalani
  18. Tarak Nath Das
  19. Har Dayal
  20. Ubaidullah Sindhi
  21. Muhammad Mansoor Ansari
  22. Shyamji Krishna Varma
  23. Bhikaiji Cama
  24. Virendranath Chattopadhyaya
  25. M.N. Roy
  26. Bhupendra Kumar Datta
  27. Bhavabhushan Mitra
  28. Yogendra Shukla
  29. Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi
  30. Nagnath Naikwadi
  31. Satyapal Dang
  32. Subhas Chandra Bose

Unit 40: Regional Activists

  1. Accamma Cherian
  2. Annapurna Maharana
  3. Aruna Asaf Ali
  4. Mithuben Petit
  5. Tara Rani Srivastava
  6. Tiruppur Kumaran
  7. Bharathidasan
  8. Rahul Sankrityayan
  9. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
  10. Inayatullah Khan Mashriqi
  11. Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi
  12. Gopaldas Ambaidas Desai
  13. Chetram Jatav

Unit 41: British Officials and Missions

  1. Stafford Cripps
  2. James Outram
  3. Clement Attlee
  4. Pethick-Lawrence
  5. A.V. Alexander
  6. Cyril Radcliffe
  7. Edwin Montagu
  8. John Morley
  9. India Office
  10. British War Cabinet
  11. Viceroy’s Executive Council
  12. Cabinet Mission Members
  13. Constitutional Missions
Originally written on March 14, 2023 and last modified on July 21, 2026.

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