Why is India taking keen interest in resources of Arctic Region? (UPSC 2018)

India’s interest in the Arctic is driven by both opportunity and risk. The region is opening up due to climate change, creating access to energy, minerals and new sea routes that matter for India’s growth and security.

• Energy security: The Arctic has large undiscovered oil and gas reserves, offering India a route to diversify supplies and reduce dependence on unstable transit chokepoints.
• Critical minerals: Arctic deposits of rare earths and other minerals can support India’s clean energy, EV, defence and electronics sectors.
• Trade and connectivity: Melting ice may make the Northern Sea Route commercially useful, cutting distance and time between Asia and Europe.
• Climate science: Arctic warming affects monsoon patterns, agriculture and water security in India, so research there is vital.
• Geopolitics: India seeks a voice in Arctic governance and a balance against rising competition from other powers.

Thus, India sees the Arctic as a source of resources, strategic influence and climate knowledge, all of which are essential for long-term national interests.