Which steps are required for constitutionalization of a commission? Do you think imparting constitutionality to the National Commission for Women would ensure greater gender justice and empowerment in India? Give reasons. (UPSC 2020)

Constitutionalisation of a commission requires a Constitution Amendment Bill under Article 368, passed by both Houses with special majority and, if it affects federal provisions, ratified by at least half the States before Presidential assent.

• Required steps: define the commission in the Constitution; specify its composition, tenure, powers, reporting, funding and removal; and protect its independence from executive interference.
• NCW and gender justice: constitutional status would give the NCW greater legitimacy, continuity, autonomy and visibility, making governments more accountable and strengthening Parliament’s scrutiny of women’s issues.
• Limits: symbolism alone cannot ensure gender justice, because the NCW currently lacks binding enforcement powers; many violations stem from police apathy, weak prosecution, delayed trials, poor staffing, inadequate funds and weak State Commissions.

Hence, constitutionalisation would help, but real gender justice and empowerment need enforceable powers, institutional capacity, coordinated state action, better policing and courts, and social change.