The persisting drives of the Government for development of large industries in backward areas have resulted in isolating the tribal population and the farmers who face multiple displacements. With Malkangiri and Naxalbari foci, discuss the corrective strategies needed to win the Left Wing Extremism (LWE) doctrine affected citizens back into the mainstream of social and economic growth. (UPSC 2015)

LWE thrives where development is seen as extraction without consent, as in Malkangiri and Naxalbari. The response must restore rights, livelihoods and trust, not rely only on force.

• Land and forest rights: Implement PESA and the Forest Rights Act; ensure Gram Sabha consent, pattas and community forest rights before acquisition.
• Just rehabilitation: Provide timely compensation, housing, employment and social security to the displaced, with special support for women and migrant labourers.
• Livelihoods: Expand irrigation, minor forest produce value chains, organic farming, livestock and skills to create local jobs.
• Services and governance: Deliver roads, schools, health care, water, banking and connectivity, backed by grievance redress, police-community trust and surrender-rehabilitation.

In Malkangiri, connectivity and livelihood diversification can reduce isolation, while in Naxalbari, land justice and wage protection can reverse alienation and bring citizens into the mainstream.