Krishnadeva Raya, the King of Vijayanagar, was not only an accomplished scholar himself but was also a great patron of learning and literature. Discuss. (UPSC 2016)

Krishnadeva Raya was one of the most distinguished scholar-kings of medieval India. His court at Vijayanagara became a centre of literary brilliance, and his own writings show both poetic talent and administrative insight.

• Scholar himself: He composed Amuktamalyada in Telugu, a celebrated work on Andal’s devotion that also explains kingship, diplomacy and good governance.
• Classical learning: He also wrote in Sanskrit, including Jambavati Kalyanam and other works, showing command over multiple languages.
• Patron of poets: His court, Bhuvanavijayam, was adorned by the Ashtadiggajas such as Allasani Peddana, Nandi Thimmana, Tenali Ramakrishna and Dhurjati.
• Regional support: He encouraged Telugu, Kannada, Sanskrit and Tamil learning, patronised scholars like Vyasatirtha and supported the growth of bhakti literature and music.

He also granted agraharas and promoted debates in his court. Thus, Krishnadeva Raya was not merely a ruler but a great cultural force whose patronage gave Vijayanagara a lasting literary glory.