“Institutional quality is a crucial driver of economic performance.” In this context, suggest reforms in Civil Service for strengthening democracy. (UPSC 2020)

Institutional quality shapes growth because it reduces arbitrariness, lowers compliance costs and builds trust in the State. For democracy, civil services must be impartial, competent and accountable so that laws are implemented fairly and public resources are used well.

• Secure autonomy: ensure fixed tenure, transparent transfers and strict recording of oral directions, as stressed by the Supreme Court.
• Independent personnel management: make Civil Services Boards effective in all States and create an independent Civil Services Authority for postings, promotions and discipline.
• Build capacity: use Mission Karmayogi to promote role-based training, domain expertise and continuous learning through digital platforms.
• Strengthen ethics: adopt a Civil Services Code, improve vigilance, and protect honest officers from frivolous harassment while acting against corruption.
• Improve accountability: expand outcome-based appraisal, citizen charters, grievance redress and social audits.

A reformed civil service can resist political pressure, deliver services better and deepen local democracy. Such institutions not only support economic performance but also make democracy more participatory, trusted and effective.