Discuss the political developments in Maldives in the last two years. Should they be of any cause of concern to India? (UPSC 2013)

In the last two years, Maldives has seen stronger executive control, party consolidation and a recalibration of foreign policy. President Mohamed Muizzu initially rode an “India Out” sentiment, but economic realities later compelled a reset with India.

• Domestic politics: The ruling PNC won a large majority in the 2024 Majlis elections, weakening legislative checks. Concerns have also grown over shrinking democratic space and institutional oversight.
• Foreign policy: Indian military personnel were withdrawn, though civilian technical support continued. Maldives also expanded economic engagement with China through trade and infrastructure ties.

This is a concern for India mainly if Chinese influence becomes strategic or domestic instability affects Indian security interests; however, Maldives’ debt stress has encouraged renewed cooperation with New Delhi through visits, financial support and maritime cooperation.