Mahendragiri Hills Biodiversity Threatened by Construction
Recent developments in Odisha’s Mahendragiri hills have raised serious environmental concerns. The region, declared a Biodiversity Heritage Site in 2022, faces threats from large-scale construction projects. Activists warn these developments endanger its fragile ecosystem and rich biodiversity.
Ecological Significance of Mahendragiri Hills
Mahendragiri hills rise over 1,500 metres in Gajapati district. The area hosts 1,348 plant species and 388 animal species. Many species are endemic and threatened. The hills are also home to the Saora and Kondh tribal communities. Besides biodiversity, Mahendragiri holds cultural importance with its Panchpandava temples attracting pilgrims.
Protected Status and Government Actions
In 2022, Odisha designated 4,250 hectares of forest as a protected heritage site. This includes Idongiri and Mahendra reserve forests. Despite this, the state government has approved new tourism infrastructure. Proposals include tourist cottages, a Vanya Mandir complex, and a corridor connecting temples. Plans for a larger Parshuram temple are also underway.
Calls for Biosphere Reserve Designation
The Wildlife Institute of India recommended Mahendragiri as a biosphere reserve in the 1980s. A government committee reiterated this in 2014. Yet, no biosphere reserve status has been granted. Environmentalists argue this status is crucial for long-term ecological protection.
Impact of Construction on Wildlife
Construction threatens to disturb the fragile ecosystem. Large infrastructure projects increase human footprint and disrupt habitats. Elephant and tiger populations have already declined. Odisha recorded the highest elephant poaching deaths in India between 2022 and 2024. A total of 414 elephants were killed nationwide in this period, with Odisha as contributor.
Balancing Tourism and Conservation
Activists suggest eco-tourism as a sustainable alternative. This requires alignment with soil and water conservation. Livelihoods for local tribal communities must be supported. Heritage structures need preservation by the Archaeological Survey of India. Without these measures, tourism may cause irreversible damage.
Urgent Environmental Interventions Needed
Environmental groups demand urgent steps. Declaring Mahendragiri a biosphere reserve is key. This would provide stronger legal protection and management. It would help preserve biodiversity and tribal culture. Without intervention, the unique ecology faces severe risks.
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