Indigenous Vikram 32-Bit Microprocessor
India recently revealed the Vikram 3201, its first fully indigenous 32-bit microprocessor designed for space applications. Developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) with the Semiconductor Laboratory (SCL), Chandigarh, this chip marks step towards self-reliance in semiconductor technology. The processor is built to withstand extreme space conditions and will power critical functions in launch vehicles.
Vikram 3201 Microprocessor
- The Vikram 3201 is a semiconductor microprocessor specifically designed for rockets and satellites.
- It is the first Indian microprocessor fabricated at this scale and specification for launch vehicle avionics.
- Unlike consumer processors, it operates under harsh space conditions such as extreme temperatures, radiation, and vibration.
- It succeeds the Vikram 1601, a 16-bit chip used by ISRO since 2009.
Technical Features and Upgrades
- The Vikram 3201 features a 32-bit architecture which allows it to handle more data with higher precision.
- It supports 64-bit floating-point operations essential for accurate trajectory and guidance calculations.
- The processor is compatible with the Ada programming language, widely used in aerospace for safety-critical systems.
- It also includes on-chip 1553B bus interfaces for seamless communication with other avionics modules.
- Fabricated using 180-nanometre CMOS technology, it balances reliability and performance for space-grade applications.
Operational Testing and Deployment
The Vikram 3201 has been successfully tested in space aboard the PSLV-C60 mission, powering the Mission Management Computer on the PSLV Orbital Experimental Module (POEM-4). This in-orbit validation confirmed its robustness and functionality. The first production batches were handed over to ISRO in early 2025, signalling readiness for wider deployment in future missions.
Significance
Space-grade processors must endure radiation, temperature extremes, and mechanical stress. Previously, India relied on foreign processors for critical space missions. The Vikram 3201 reduces this dependence and enhances India’s strategic autonomy in space technology. It aligns with the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative, promoting indigenous development and manufacturing in high-tech sectors.
Supporting Ecosystem
ISRO has developed a full software ecosystem around Vikram 3201, including Ada compilers, assemblers, linkers, simulators, and integrated development environments. A C language compiler is also in progress. Alongside Vikram 3201, ISRO introduced other indigenous devices like Reconfigurable Data Acquisition Systems, Relay Driver ICs, and Low Drop-out Regulator ICs. Together, these reduce reliance on imported electronics in launch vehicle avionics.
India’s Semiconductor Push
The launch took place at Semicon India 2025, a conference focusing on semiconductor fabrication, AI innovation, and global partnerships. India is a global hub for chip design but lacks large-scale domestic manufacturing. The government is building five semiconductor units under the Design-Linked Incentive scheme to boost local production and establish a full supply chain.
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