India’s First Dugong Conservation Reserve Recognised Globally
India’s Dugong Conservation Reserve in Palk Bay has received formal recognition from the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The motion was adopted at the IUCN World Conservation Congress 2025 held in Abu Dhabi. This marks global endorsement of India’s marine conservation efforts. The resolution received overwhelming support from governments, NGOs, and research bodies worldwide. Tamil Nadu’s initiative is now seen as a model for dugong protection and marine ecosystem restoration.
Establishment and Location
The Dugong Conservation Reserve was established by the Tamil Nadu government on 21 September 2022. It covers 448.34 square kilometres in northern Palk Bay. The area includes over 12,250 hectares of seagrass meadows. These meadows are critical feeding grounds for dugongs (Dugong dugon), a species classified as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The reserve is vital not only for dugongs but also for many other marine species dependent on seagrass habitats.
Significance of Seagrass Meadows
Seagrass meadows play important ecological role. They provide food and shelter to dugongs and support diverse marine life. They also help maintain water quality and protect shorelines from erosion. The degradation of these meadows threatens the survival of dugongs and the overall health of marine ecosystems. Conservation of seagrass is therefore essential for sustaining biodiversity in Palk Bay and beyond.
Threats to Dugongs and Habitat
The motion brought into light several threats to dugongs and their habitat. These include habitat destruction, destructive fishing practices, and climate change impacts such as rising sea temperatures and extreme weather events. These factors reduce seagrass coverage and disturb dugong populations. Immediate action is necessary to curb these threats and safeguard the marine environment.
Innovative Conservation Efforts
The reserve has introduced innovative restoration techniques. Bamboo and coconut rope frames are used to rehabilitate damaged seagrass meadows. This approach combines scientific knowledge with local community involvement. Such community-led conservation efforts enhance the sustainability of marine resource management. The success of these methods has drawn international praise and offers a replicable model for other regions.
Global Collaboration and Future Directions
The IUCN resolution encourages collaboration between India, Tamil Nadu, and international partners. It calls for strengthening monitoring systems, building fisheries management capacity, and sharing conservation knowledge. The goal is to replicate the Indian model in other parts of the Indian Ocean and globally. This cooperation aims to protect dugong populations worldwide and promote sustainable marine ecosystems.
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