India Withdraws Animal-Based Biostimulants Over Restrictions

The Indian Union Agriculture Ministry has withdrawn approval for 11 biostimulants derived from animal sources. This decision follows complaints citing religious and dietary concerns from Hindu and Jain communities. These biostimulants were used on crops like paddy, tomato, potato, cucumber and chilli. The move is part of efforts to regulate the biostimulant sector, which has grown rapidly but lacked clear oversight until recently.

What Are Biostimulants?

Biostimulants are substances or microorganisms that stimulate plant growth and improve nutrient uptake. Unlike fertilisers, they do not directly supply nutrients. Unlike pesticides, they do not control pests. They help improve crop yield, quality and stress tolerance. Commonly, they are sprayed on crops in liquid form.

Animal-Derived Protein Hydrolysates

A key category of biostimulants is protein hydrolysates. These are mixtures of amino acids and peptides formed by breaking down proteins. They can come from plants like soy or maize or from animal sources such as chicken feathers, bovine hide, pig tissue, cod scales and sardines. The withdrawn biostimulants belonged to this animal-based group.

Regulatory Background and Market Size

Before 2021, biostimulants were sold freely in India without specific regulations. In 2021, the Government included biostimulants under the Fertiliser (Inorganic, Organic or Mixed) (Control) Order, 1985. This required companies to register products and prove their safety and efficacy. The Indian biostimulants market was valued at US$ 355.53 million in 2024 and is projected to reach US$ 1,135.96 million by 2032.

Reasons for Withdrawal of Animal-Based Biostimulants

The Ministry withdrew approval due to religious and ethical concerns. Hindu and Jain communities raised objections to the use of animal-derived ingredients. The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) withheld permission for new animal-based biostimulants pending proper scientific data, especially on pre-harvest intervals—the time between spraying and harvesting.

Impact on Industry and Future Steps

Major producers like Coromandel International, Syngenta and Godrej Agrovet are affected. The Ministry’s action aims to bring transparency and regulation to a previously opaque sector. Union Agriculture Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan brought into light the reduction of unregulated biostimulant products from about 30,000 to 650 after stricter enforcement.

Scientific and Ethical Balance

The decision reflects a balance between scientific advancement and respect for cultural sensitivities. It emphasises the need for robust scientific data before approving products, especially those involving animal sources. This step may encourage the development of plant-based or synthetic alternatives in the biostimulant market.