Impact of Early Monsoon on Heatwaves in India
The early arrival of the monsoon in India has provided some relief from extreme heat. However, heatwaves continue to pose challenges. In recent years, heatwaves have intensified, affecting productivity and economic stability. The International Labour Organization reported alarming figures regarding the impact of heat on workers globally, denoting India’s vulnerability.
About Heatwaves
Heatwaves are periods of excessively high temperatures compared to the norm. In India, they typically occur from March to June, peaking in May. Central, Northwest, East, and North Peninsular India are the most affected regions. Reports indicate that 57% of Indian districts face high to very high heat risk.
Economic Impacts of Heatwaves
Heatwaves affect the economy. The ILO estimated that India lost $100 billion due to heat-induced productivity losses. Informal workers, including construction workers and farmers, are disproportionately affected. A 1-degree increase in temperature can reduce wheat yields by 5.2%.
Vulnerability of Workers
Around 75% of India’s workforce, approximately 380 million people, work in heat-exposed environments. During heatwaves, informal sector workers in Delhi saw net earnings drop by 40%. Increased absenteeism and reduced productivity are common among blue-collar workers during high temperatures.
Urban Heat Island Effect
Rapid urbanisation exacerbates heatwaves. Urban areas retain heat, leading to warmer nights. This phenomenon, known as the urban heat island effect, makes cities hotter than surrounding rural areas. Between 2005 and 2023, built-up areas expanded in many districts, worsening the heat situation.
Impact on Agriculture and Livestock
Heatwaves affect agriculture and livestock. Non-farm activities, such as construction, draw agricultural workers during summer. Livestock are also at risk; extreme temperatures can harm their health. Combined with drought or food shortages, heatwaves can have devastating effects on food security.
Government Response and Action Plans
Governments are taking steps to combat heatwaves. The National Disaster Management Authority has issued guidelines to protect workers. Many states have developed heat action plans, focusing on immediate responses like providing water and long-term solutions like urban greening.
Challenges in Rural Areas
Rural areas face unique challenges. Limited healthcare infrastructure and poor living conditions make rural populations more vulnerable to heat-related health issues. Strategic planning and investment are essential for long-term protection against heatwaves.
Innovative Solutions
Innovative approaches are being explored to mitigate heat impacts. Some regions are experimenting with insurance schemes for workers affected by heatwaves. These initiatives aim to provide compensation when work is halted due to extreme temperatures.
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