Haryana Defines Forests
The Haryana government issued a formal definition of forest in August 2025. This move follows directives from the Supreme Court of India, which required all states to clarify forest boundaries and conduct surveys. Haryana’s definition aims to align with judicial expectations but has drawn criticism from environmentalists for its narrow scope. The debate centres on the protection of ecologically sensitive areas like the Aravalli ridge.
SC Directive on Forest Definition
Recently, the Supreme Court mandated all states and Union Territories to define forest clearly. The court asked for expert committees to map forest areas using GIS-based tools. These mappings must include forest-like areas, unclassified forests, community forests, and eco-sensitive zones. The court warned that officials failing to comply would be held personally accountable.
Haryana’s Official Forest Definition
Haryana’s Environment, Forest and Wildlife Department defined a forest as land with a minimum size and canopy density. The criteria are
- At least five hectares if isolated
- At least two hectares if contiguous with notified forests
- Minimum canopy density of 40% or more Linear plantations, orchards, and agro-forestry outside notified forests are excluded.
Legal Background
The Forest Conservation Act (FCA) 1980 restricts forest land diversion without central approval. The 1996 Godavarman case expanded the meaning of forest to include all forested lands, regardless of size or status. This broad definition aimed to protect even small forest patches. However, the 2023 FCA amendment narrowed it to only notified forests and government records, triggering legal challenges. The Supreme Court is currently hearing these challenges.
Controversy
Environmentalists argue Haryana’s definition is too restrictive. The 40% canopy density threshold excludes many dry and thorny forests, especially in the Aravalli region. These forests have adapted to low rainfall and poor soil, resulting in sparse vegetation. The minimum area limits of two and five hectares are also seen as too high for dry zones. Critics say this risks exposing sensitive areas to development and mining.
Impact
Haryana’s definition will guide forest surveys and protection measures under the FCA. Clear identification of forests is crucial to prevent illegal land use changes. However, a narrow definition may leave many ecologically important lands unprotected. Balancing environmental conservation with developmental needs remains a key challenge.
Ongoing Legal Process
Following Haryana’s notification, state and district committees can proceed with forest surveys. The Supreme Court will review reports from all states and UTs. The next hearing on the FCA amendment and related issues is scheduled for September 2025. The outcome will influence forest governance across India.
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