Discovery of 800-Year-Old Shiva Temple in Tamil Nadu
An ancient Shiva temple from the later Pandya period was discovered in Udampatti, Tamil Nadu. This finding showcases the rich history of the Pandya dynasty. The temple’s foundation was uncovered by local boys playing in the area. The discovery has drawn attention from historians and archaeologists alike.
Archaeological Significance
The temple dates back to 1217-1218 CE, during the reign of Maravarman Sundara Pandya. The inscriptions on the site reveal the socio-economic conditions of the time. They indicate that the temple was financially independent and highlight the village’s former name, Attur. The temple was called Thennavanisvaram, reflecting the title used by the Pandyas.
Historical Context of the Pandya Dynasty
The Pandya dynasty is one of the three major Tamil ruling families known as Muvendars. They ruled intermittently from the sixth century CE. Their history is documented through inscriptions, Sangam literature, and accounts from foreign travellers. The dynasty faced periods of decline and resurgence, particularly during the Kalabhra invasion and later under the Chola dynasty.
Administrative Structure
The Pandyas had a well-defined administrative structure. The territory was divided into valanadus, nadus, and kurrams, which are groups of villages. Madurai served as the capital. The royal officials had designated titles, with the prime minister called Uttaramantri. The administration also included Brahmin settlements for irrigation and education.
Socio-Economic Dynamics
The inscriptions found at the temple site highlight the socio-economic dynamics of the Pandya period. They describe land transactions and the taxation system linked to temple maintenance. Agriculture was crucial, with irrigation systems established to support farming. Trade flourished, with goods like spices and pearls being exchanged.
Religious Beliefs and Practices
Initially, the Pandyas followed Jainism but later embraced Saivism. The dynasty was known for its patronage of both Saivism and Vaishnavism. Many temples were constructed and maintained during their reign, reflecting their commitment to religious practices. The inscriptions indicate that the rulers supported Vedic traditions as well.
Cultural Contributions
The Pandyas contributed to Tamil culture. They promoted literacy through temple hymns and theatrical performances. The busy port town of Kayalpattinam was a hub for trade and cultural exchange. The period saw a blend of political, social, and cultural advancements that shaped the region’s identity.
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