Chamaegastrodia reiekensis
Scientists from Mizoram University and Manipur University announced the discovery of a new orchid species, *Chamaegastrodia reiekensis*, in the forests of Mizoram. This rare orchid belongs to the elusive genus *Chamaegastrodia* and is notable for its complete lack of chlorophyll. It depends entirely on symbiotic fungi for nutrients, making it holomycotrophic and unable to perform photosynthesis. The finding marks the rich biodiversity of Northeast India and the ecological uniqueness of the Reiek region.
Discovery and Identification
The new species was found near Reiek Peak in Mizoram at an elevation of 1,500 metres. The orchid grows in moist, humus-rich soil close to bamboo clumps. Detailed morphological analysis confirmed it as a distinct species within the genus *Chamaegastrodia*. This genus now includes eight known species worldwide. Its presence in Mizoram marks the first record of *Chamaegastrodia* in the state.
Botanical Characteristics
*Chamaegastrodia reiekensis* lacks leaves and chlorophyll. It survives entirely through underground fungal associations. The plant has a camouflaged appearance, making it hard to spot. It flowers from August to September and fruits from September to October. Its small size and brief emergence period add to the difficulty of studying it in the wild.
Ecological Significance
The Reiek forest is part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. It features a multi-layered canopy with tall trees and dense understorey vegetation. The climate is tropical with temperatures between 20 and 28°C and annual rainfall of 200 to 250 cm. This environment supports a wide variety of plant species, including many orchids. The discovery of *Chamaegastrodia reiekensis* and another new plant, *Aeschynanthus reiekensis*, puts stress on the region’s exceptional plant diversity.
Conservation Status and Challenges
Due to its rarity and specialised habitat, *Chamaegastrodia reiekensis* is listed as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria. Its dependence on subterranean fungi makes it vulnerable to environmental changes. Habitat disturbance or loss could threaten its survival. Conservation efforts are critical to protect this species and maintain the ecological balance of the Reiek forest.
Regional Biodiversity Importance
Northeast India is known for its rich orchid diversity, with Mizoram alone hosting around 273 species across 74 genera. The discovery of this new orchid marks the region’s role as a vital centre for botanical research and conservation. It also calls for further exploration and study of the area’s unique ecosystems.
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