Ashtamudi Wetland Conservation
The Kerala High Court has recently mandated urgent steps for the protection of the Ashtamudi wetland. This follows a public interest litigation denoting severe pollution, encroachments, and ecological degradation of the wetland. The court directed the state government and the State Wetland Authority Kerala (SWAK) to establish a dedicated management unit and prepare an integrated conservation plan within strict timelines.
Background
Ashtamudi lake, Kerala’s second largest wetland, is a Ramsar site recognised since 2002 for its ecological importance. Despite this, it has suffered from unchecked waste dumping, encroachments, and pollution. A 2020-2022 sanitation survey revealed open defecation and direct discharge of untreated sewage, causing health hazards and waterborne diseases. The Kerala Legislative Assembly’s Committee on Environment reported drastic shrinkage of the wetland area and loss of mangroves and fish-breeding habitats. The National Green Tribunal imposed a ₹10 crore penalty on the state in 2023 for failing to protect the wetland.
Kerala HC’s Legal Directives
The court ordered the constitution of an Ashtamudi Wetland Management Unit within two months of notification. This unit must include stakeholders and experts to ensure coordinated efforts. A comprehensive and scientific management plan must be finalised within six months. The court emphasised that these steps align with the Ramsar Convention’s guidelines for wetlands of international importance.
Key Issues Affecting Ashtamudi Wetland
Pollution from human waste, hospital and commercial effluents, plastic waste, and tourism-related garbage is rampant. Encroachments and sand mining have reduced the wetland’s area from 61.40 sq km to 34 sq km. Depth has fallen below half a metre in many places. Mangrove forests and fish habitats are disappearing, threatening local fisherfolk livelihoods. Unregulated housing and pesticide use further degrade the ecosystem.
Role of the Wetland Management Unit
- The unit must develop a site-specific management plan and a standard operating procedure.
- It will specify meeting venues, frequency, and coordination mechanisms among stakeholders.
- Transparency is essential. Hence, the unit must maintain a dedicated website or webpage with a public feedback system. Digital platforms will enable citizens to upload audio-visual evidence and share concerns, encouraging community participation.
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