Advanced Proton Therapy for Cancer Treatment
Recently, a team of experts in the United States achieved a breakthrough in cancer treatment. They successfully employed step-and-shoot spot-scanning proton arc therapy, known as SPArc, to treat adenoid cystic carcinoma. This innovative method precisely targets tumours while minimising damage to surrounding healthy tissue. The findings were published in the International Journal of Particle Therapy.
What is Proton Therapy?
Proton therapy is a type of radiation treatment that uses protons to irradiate cancer cells. Unlike traditional X-ray radiation, protons can be controlled more precisely. This allows for higher doses to be delivered to the tumour while sparing nearby healthy tissues.
The SPArc Technique
SPArc is a refined approach to proton therapy. It involves a step-and-shoot method where the treatment machine follows a pre-programmed pattern. This technique allows for the delivery of radiation in a more focused manner, reducing collateral damage to critical areas.
Comparison of Techniques
The research team compared SPArc with two other techniques – SFO-IMPT (the current standard of care) and fully dynamic SPArc. Results showed that SPArc reduced radiation exposure to critical structures. For example, radiation to the brainstem was reduced by 10% and to the optical chiasm by 56%.
Patient Experience
The first patient treated with SPArc was a 46-year-old woman with parotid-gland cancer. Over 33 sessions, she experienced only minor skin irritation and maintained her ability to eat and work. This marks the potential for improved quality of life during treatment.
Treatment Protocol
The treatment involved a sophisticated computer programme that identified optimal spots for proton delivery. Each session included a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan to track the doses delivered. Adjustments were made to account for weight loss and changes in tumour size during treatment.
Advantages of SPArc
SPArc is particularly beneficial for tumours located in complex anatomical areas, such as the skull base. It allows for precise dose delivery while minimising damage to surrounding tissues. This is crucial in head and neck cancers where critical organs are nearby.
Challenges and Considerations
Despite its advantages, SPArc and similar technologies come with challenges. The high cost of these treatments poses a financial burden on healthcare systems. Additionally, there is concern regarding their suitability for a limited patient population.
Future Developments
Fully dynamic SPArc is still under development and requires regulatory approval. Its potential to enhance treatment precision makes it an area of ongoing research and interest in oncology.
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