What is hybrid annuity PPP model? How can hybrid annuity PPP bring efficiency and sustainability in sewage treatment?

Hybrid annuity PPP is a mix of the EPC (engineering, procurement and construction) and BOT(build, operate, transfer) models. In EPC model, government pay private players to build infrastructure. The private player plays no role in ownership, maintenance. On the other ..

Explain why there was a revolution in China in 1911 and assess the consequences of that revolution.

In October of 1911, the Qing Dynasty faced a revolt, led by a group of revolutionaries in southern China. It is also called the Xinhai Revolution. The revolution ceased the era of the last imperial dynasty of China and flagged ..

Trace the influence of colonialism and subsequent freedom struggle upon the evolution of Indian art forms.

Colonialism and the subsequent freedom struggle had a profound influence on the evolution of Indian art forms across domains like painting, literature, music, dance and architecture. In painting, colonial patronage and introduction of new techniques like oil colors led to ..

Discuss why the buildings constructed by the Public Works Department of the Government of India in the second half of the nineteenth century have no architecture.

The building constructed by the PWD of GOI in the second half of the 19th century maintained a monopoly in building activities and applied to the building their own dry as dust, formularies culled from Macaulay’s book-shelf and the products ..

How significant a contributor is the housing sector to the GHG emissions? What are various government’s initiatives to boost the green housing sector?

Housing is one of the major contributors of greenhouse gas emissions, with around one fourth of the country’s electricity consumption and 20% share in total greenhouse gas emissions. Contribution of Housing in GHG emissions: The share of housing in greenhouse ..

The idea of population control legislation in India has become irrelevant in the light of demographic changes highlighted by the NFHS-5. Critically examine.

National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is a large-scale, multi-round survey conducted in a representative sample of households throughout India by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The NFHS-5 highlights several demographic changes in India, such as: Lowering of total ..

Chennai is facing an unprecedented drought not seen in decades. What kind of solutions do you suggest for checking the water crisis in Chennai?

The aspirations of Chennai to become a global economic hub have been badly thwarted as it is pushed into an unprecedented struggle to find water. The shadows of the drought of 2018 have affected the 2019 summer as well. The ..

What are your views about the recent figures released by the UNICEF on the prevalence of the malice of child marriage?

The recent figures released by UNICEF on child marriage state that as many as 115 million men and boys had got married as children. Of these 23 million were married before they had attained the age of 15. The data ..

What do you understand by the sub-replacement fertility in terms of demography?

When the fertility rate of a population falls below the replacement rate which leads to a decrease in the population of a certain group of people, it is referred to as sub-replacement fertility. This happens when the adults of a ..

Provide the sequence of events that led to formation of INA. What was impact of INA on India's freedom struggle? Discuss.

In 1939, Subash Chandra Bose resigned from the congress and organised Forward Bloc for a more vigorous national struggle. The government first imprisoned him, and thereafter kept him confined to his house under close watch. In 1941, Subash Chandra Bose ..