Smart Irrigation Plan Saves Water in Drought Regions
Recent advances in irrigation management have shown promising results in saving water in drought-prone areas of India. Researchers from the Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT Bombay) and the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology, Pune (IITM Pune) developed a Smart Irrigation Plan. This plan integrates weather forecasts, satellite soil moisture data, and computer simulations to optimise irrigation. It aims to reduce water use by 10 to 30 per cent while supporting crop growth.
Context and Need for Smart Irrigation
Drought-prone regions face irregular rainfall and depleting groundwater. Farmers often lack precise information on future water availability. This uncertainty leads to inefficient irrigation and water wastage. The Smart Irrigation Plan addresses this by predicting irrigation needs up to three weeks ahead. It helps farmers plan irrigation based on expected rainfall and soil moisture, conserving water and improving crop health.
Methodology and Data Integration
The system combines multiple data sources. Weather forecasts from the Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) are merged with satellite-derived soil moisture maps. Field data on soil texture, porosity, root zone depth, and water-holding capacity are also incorporated. Crop-specific water requirements and growth patterns are considered. The computer model simulates how plants extract water and respond to irrigation or drought stress.
Pilot Studies and Implementation
The pilot project began in Nashik district, Maharashtra, focusing on grape farmers. Local soil moisture sensors were used alongside weather data. Results showed groundwater savings of up to 30 per cent. The project expanded to Bankura district in West Bengal, covering 12 sub-districts. Here, the model adapted to different crops and soil conditions. Farmers received tailored irrigation advice based on real-time data and forecasts.
Benefits and Impact on Agriculture
The Smart Irrigation Plan helps avoid overwatering and groundwater depletion. It supports sustainable agriculture by optimising water use. Farmers can make informed decisions on when and how much to irrigate. This reduces costs and protects water resources in drought-prone areas. The model acts as a real-time advisor, improving resilience to erratic weather patterns and climate change.
Technological and Institutional Support
The project uses global soil maps and integrates satellite and field data for accuracy. Data sources include the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), IMD, and IITM Pune. Funding came from the Government of West Bengal, the Department of Science and Technology’s Swarnajayanti Fellowship Scheme, and others. The collaboration between engineering and climate science departments marks interdisciplinary research for practical solutions.
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