Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid (or its ionised form, ascorbate), is a vital water-soluble vitamin that plays a central role in human health. Because humans (and...
Vitamin D is an essential fat-soluble nutrient that plays a vital role in maintaining bone health, immune regulation, and numerous metabolic processes in the human body. Often referred...
Folic acid, also known as pteroylmonoglutamic acid, is the synthetic form of folate, a water-soluble B vitamin (vitamin B₉) essential for numerous biochemical and physiological processes in the...
Cyanocobalamin is a synthetic form of vitamin B₁₂, an essential water-soluble vitamin vital for numerous physiological functions, including red blood cell formation, neurological function, and DNA synthesis. Among...
A sodium chloride solution (often referred to as saline) is a homogeneous aqueous mixture of sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) dissolved in water. Depending on its...
Ringer’s lactate (also known as Lactated Ringer’s, LR, or Hartmann’s solution) is a sterile crystalloid intravenous (IV) fluid that is widely used to restore fluid volume, replace electrolytes,...
Glucose saline, also known as dextrose saline or dextrose and sodium chloride injection, is a sterile intravenous (IV) solution composed of glucose (dextrose) and sodium chloride dissolved in...
Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or 2-propanol, is a colourless, volatile, and flammable liquid that serves as one of the most versatile solvents and disinfectants in...
Silver nitrate is a highly versatile inorganic compound widely used in medicine, chemistry, photography, and industry. Recognised for its strong oxidising and antimicrobial properties, it serves as a...
Zinc sulfate (chemical formula ZnSO₄) is an inorganic compound composed of zinc and sulphate ions. It exists in both anhydrous and hydrated forms, most commonly as the heptahydrate...
