Sarnath Archaeology
The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is set to install a revised plaque at Sarnath. This follows new findings crediting Babu Jagat Singh, a local ruler’s descendant, for the site’s initial excavation and preservation. The change challenges the long-held belief that British archaeologists first revealed Sarnath’s archaeological importance. The move comes as India prepares for a UNESCO team visit after nominating Sarnath for the World Heritage List.
Historical Background
Sarnath is a key Buddhist site near Varanasi. It is where Lord Buddha delivered his first sermon. The site includes ruins from the 3rd century BC to the 11th century. It also has connections to Jainism. The Ashoka pillar at Sarnath is India’s national emblem. The site attracts many international tourists, especially from Japan.
Role of Babu Jagat Singh
Jagat Singh belonged to the family of the erstwhile ruler of Benares, Chait Singh. In 1787-88, he ordered excavations at Sarnath to obtain building materials. During this, Buddhist relics were discovered. These findings predate British archaeological efforts from 1798. The relics are now partly preserved by the Asiatic Society in Kolkata. The new plaque will credit Jagat Singh for bringing Sarnath’s importance to light.
British Archaeological Contributions
The current plaque credits British officers like Mr Duncan and Colonel Mackenzie with the site’s discovery in 1798. Later excavations were led by Alexander Cunningham, Major Kittoe, FO Oertel, Sir John Marshall, MH Hargreaves, and Dayaram Sahni. The ASI was established in 1861 under Cunningham. Until then, no scientific research or documentation of Sarnath existed. The revised plaque will update these historical details.
Recent Archaeological Research
Excavations by archaeologist B R Mani in 2013-14 revealed continuous Buddhist activity at Sarnath before Emperor Ashoka’s reign. Mani’s work showed that Sarnath was a religious hub for centuries after Buddha’s time. This challenges the perception that Ashoka was the sole figure behind Sarnath’s prominence. The new plaque may include these findings to reflect updated knowledge.
UNESCO World Heritage Nomination
India nominated Sarnath for the UNESCO World Heritage List for 2025-26. The site has been on the tentative list for 27 years. Recognition would boost its global profile and tourism. The nomination marks Sarnath’s archaeological and religious significance. It also supports India’s image as the land of Buddha.
Efforts to Correct Historical Records
The descendants of Jagat Singh have actively sought revisions of plaques and notices at Sarnath. Earlier corrections removed misleading terms like destroyer associated with Jagat Singh. The family also requested updates to cultural boards. The ASI is cooperating to ensure accurate representation of history. This reflects a broader trend of re-examining colonial-era narratives in Indian heritage.
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