Russia Unveils Nuclear-Powered Burevestnik Missile with ‘Unlimited Range’

Russia has confirmed the successful final test of the Burevestnik, a nuclear-powered cruise missile claimed to have “unlimited range” and the ability to evade missile defence systems. President Vladimir Putin hailed the weapon as a “unique creation that no one else in the world possesses,” marking a major step in Moscow’s advanced weapons programme amid continued tensions over the Ukraine conflict.

Breakthrough Nuclear Propulsion Technology

The Burevestnik — also known in Russia as the 9M730 and by NATO as the SSC-X-9 Skyfall — uses a miniature nuclear reactor as its power source, granting it potentially limitless operational range. This system allows the missile to fly at low altitudes for extended durations, manoeuvring unpredictably to bypass air defences. According to the Russian Ministry of Defence, the propulsion unit becomes active only after launch, once a liquid-fuel booster rocket accelerates the missile to cruising speed.

Design and Functionality

The missile integrates several key components: a guidance system, wings for stability, a nuclear reactor, turbine, compressor, and air inlet system. Air is drawn into the missile and compressed, then expelled through the exhaust to generate thrust. The reactor’s heat powers an electric motor that drives this process, while cooling airflow prevents overheating. This unique design enables sustained flight across vast distances without refuelling, offering both nuclear and conventional strike capabilities.

Operational Tests and Strategic Implications

During its most recent test on October 21, the Burevestnik reportedly flew for 15 hours and covered 14,000 kilometres — not its maximum capacity, according to Russian military chief Valery Gerasimov. The missile’s ability to carry nuclear warheads and operate indefinitely poses new challenges for global missile defence frameworks. Putin has instructed the Russian Armed Forces to begin constructing deployment infrastructure, signalling imminent operational readiness.

Exam Oriented Facts

• The Burevestnik (9M730) is known by NATO as the SSC-X-9 Skyfall.
• It uses a nuclear reactor–powered propulsion system with theoretically unlimited range.
• The propulsion activates after launch, assisted by a liquid-fuel booster rocket.
• The missile’s design includes a compressor, turbine, and exhaust system for sustained thrust.
• It can carry either nuclear or conventional warheads for long-range missions.

Geopolitical Context and Security Concerns

The Burevestnik’s unveiling coincides with Russia’s continued military operations in Ukraine and strained diplomatic ties with Washington. Despite attempts at renewed dialogue between Moscow and the Trump administration, tensions remain high. Analysts view the missile’s development as a direct response to Western missile defence initiatives, underlining Russia’s commitment to maintaining strategic parity through next-generation nuclear technology. The Burevestnik’s combination of stealth, endurance, and global reach has reignited global debates over the future of nuclear deterrence and arms control.