Restoration of Kariyachalli Island
The Tamil Nadu government has initiated the restoration of Kariyachalli Island, part of the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park. This effort follows the successful restoration of Vaan Island and is part of the Tamil Nadu Sustainably Harnessing Ocean Resource (TNSHORE) initiative. Funded by the state government and the World Bank, the project has a budget of ₹50 crore. The Tamil Nadu Forest Department, in collaboration with IIT-Madras and the Suganthi Devadason Marine Research Institute, is leading this ambitious project.
Background of Kariyachalli Island
Kariyachalli Island is located in the Gulf of Mannar, which is known for its rich biodiversity and coral reefs. The island has experienced shrinkage over the years. Historical records indicate that its area was 20.85 hectares in 1969. By 2017, it had reduced to just 5.97 hectares. Recent measurements show an alarming decline to 3.14 hectares during high tide and 4.12 hectares during low tide. This shrinkage is primarily due to coastal erosion and the impacts of climate change.
Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs play important role in protecting coastlines from erosion and supporting marine biodiversity. They act as natural barriers that mitigate the effects of extreme weather. The Gulf of Mannar, home to one of India’s four major coral reef systems, has suffered from extensive coral mining, which halted in 2005. The mining primarily targeted vital reef-building species, leading to habitat degradation.
Restoration Efforts
The restoration project includes the deployment of 8,500 artificial reef modules designed to protect the island and restore its biodiversity. These modules aim to enhance marine life by providing habitats for fish and other organisms. Additionally, the project focuses on restoring degraded coral reefs and seagrass beds, which are essential for the health of marine ecosystems.
Community Involvement
The project will engage over 300 local community members, ensuring that the restoration efforts are inclusive and beneficial to those who rely on the marine resources for their livelihoods. This community involvement is vital for the long-term success of the restoration initiative.
Scientific Studies and Assessments
Before commencing the restoration, environmental and social impact assessments were conducted. Investigations into wave dynamics and bathymetry were also carried out by IIT-Madras to inform the restoration strategy. These studies help to understand the island’s unique challenges and formulate effective solutions.
Future Prospects
The restoration of Kariyachalli Island is expected to be a gradual process. Experts note that the recovery of the ecosystem may take time due to the extent of degradation. However, the initiative aims to enhance biodiversity, protect the island from further erosion, and sustain the livelihoods of local fisherfolk.
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