Reintroduction of Brown Trout Revives Kashmir Fisheries
The Kashmir fisheries department is set to reintroduce the brown trout into the Valley’s cold-water streams after more than a century. This initiative aims to restore the trout population and boost angling tourism. The project, scheduled for October, follows extensive preparation and scientific study to ensure the fish’s survival and ecological balance.
Historical Introduction
The brown trout was first successfully introduced in Kashmir by the British in 1900. Frank J Mitchel, an English carpet factory owner, facilitated this after an earlier failed attempt in 1899. The fish thrived in streams like Panzagam and Lidder, becoming a popular game fish. The fisheries department created exclusive fishing zones called ‘beats’ to regulate angling.
Decline
Over time, unregulated fishing led to a decline in the brown trout population. The fish’s natural habitat suffered from ecological disturbances including illegal riverbed mining. In recent years, the fisheries department shifted focus to trout farming for food. However, the need to revive wild brown trout for sport and tourism has gained priority.
Scientific Challenges
Brown trout require cold, well-oxygenated water and do not thrive in artificial environments. Unlike rainbow trout, they reject artificial feed. The fisheries team studied their feeding habits and created a special feed from crustaceans mixed with cod liver oil. They also replicated dark conditions in the hatchery to encourage feeding, as brown trout feed mostly in low light.
Current Reintroduction Efforts
The department imported three lakh pure brown trout eggs from Denmark under central and state schemes promoting sustainable agriculture and fisheries. These were hatched at the Tchansar Hatchery in Kulgam. The fries have now grown to a size suitable for release into streams and lakes, including the Veshav river and Kounsarnag lake.
Ecological Considerations
The release is planned for October-November, the breeding season when brown trout are less aggressive and less cannibalistic. This timing increases survival chances by reducing predation among trout. Officials emphasise the importance of habitat preservation to ensure success, denoting threats from illegal mining and environmental degradation.
Impact
The brown trout is prized as a game fish for its fighting spirit, attracting anglers worldwide. Its reintroduction is expected to revive angling tourism, boosting local businesses and travel agencies. The project is seen as milestone in Kashmir’s aquatic biodiversity conservation and sustainable tourism development.
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