Rampur Hound, Mudhol Hound: BSF takes lead to train Indian Dog Breeds in K9 Units

In a major step towards promoting indigenous capabilities and self-reliance, the Border Security Force (BSF) has begun training 150 dogs of two native Indian breeds — the Rampur Hound and the Mudhol Hound. These dogs will serve in critical roles such as border guarding, counterinsurgency operations, and specialised missions, marking a new era in India’s security framework that celebrates local heritage and Aatma Nirbhar Bharat.

Reviving Native Heritage in National Service

The initiative follows Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s 2020 “Mann Ki Baat” appeal to adopt and promote Indian breeds, highlighting their role in national pride and local self-reliance. Earlier, during a speech in Karnataka’s Bagalkot, the Prime Minister praised the Mudhol Hounds as protectors of the nation’s frontiers. The BSF’s decision to induct these breeds complements India’s growing push to integrate home-grown solutions into defence and security.

The Mudhol Hound: Swift, Agile, and Loyal

The Mudhol Hound, native to the Deccan Plateau, traces its lineage to the erstwhile kingdom of Mudhol in present-day Bagalkot, Karnataka. Raja Malojirao Ghorpade refined the breed after observing its exceptional stamina and speed among local tribal dogs. Known for their sharp eyesight, agility, and hunting instincts, Mudhol Hounds were once prized by British royalty as “Caravan Hounds.”

The Indian Army first tested Mudhol Hounds at the Remount and Veterinary Corps (RVC) in Meerut in 2016, marking the first instance of an indigenous breed being evaluated for service roles traditionally dominated by Labradors and German Shepherds. However, their performance tends to decline in colder climates, limiting deployment to warmer regions such as central and southern India.

The Rampur Hound: Regal and Fearless

The Rampur Hound, also known as the Rampur Greyhound, was bred 300 years ago by the Nawabs of Rampur (in Uttar Pradesh) by crossing Afghan Hounds with English Greyhounds. Designed for endurance and speed, Rampur Hounds are sleek, muscular, and capable of running at over 40 mph. Historically, they were royal hunting companions, used to chase jackals and deer across vast plains.

Rampur Hounds are intelligent and fiercely loyal to their handlers, yet reserved around strangers. Their strong protective instincts make them ideal for patrol and guard duties. Efforts are underway to preserve and expand purebred Rampur lines, which had declined post-Independence as princely traditions waned.

Exam Oriented Facts

• The BSF has begun training 150 dogs of the Rampur and Mudhol breeds for border and counterinsurgency duties.
• Mudhol Hounds were first evaluated by the Indian Army’s RVC in Meerut in 2016.
• Rampur Hounds were bred by the Nawabs of Rampur around 300 years ago from Afghan and English Greyhounds.
• PM Modi endorsed indigenous breeds in his “Mann Ki Baat” (August 2020) and Bagalkot address, linking them to “Aatma Nirbhar Bharat”.

Indian Breeds vs Global Military Dogs

Globally, militaries often rely on breeds like Belgian Malinois, German Shepherds, and Labradors for their superior scenting, agility, and obedience. The Belgian Malinois, for instance, dominates US special operations due to its unmatched energy and precision, while Labradors are preferred for detection roles owing to their friendly temperament and sharp noses.

In contrast, the Rampur and Mudhol Hounds bring unique advantages suited to Indian conditions — low maintenance, heat tolerance, high endurance, and adaptability to rugged terrain. Their induction marks a turning point in India’s approach to military canine use, reflecting confidence in indigenous capabilities.