NITI Aayog Unveils 2025 Blue Economy Strategy to Harness Deep-Sea and Offshore Fisheries

India’s NITI Aayog released a landmark report in 2025 titled India’s Blue Economy – Strategy for Harnessing Deep-Sea and Offshore Fisheries. The report outlines a comprehensive plan to expand India’s marine fisheries beyond coastal waters. It marks the vast potential of India’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and deep-sea resources. The initiative aims to boost exports, create jobs, and ensure ecological sustainability.

India’s Fisheries Sector Overview

India is the world’s second-largest fish producer, contributing 8% of global output. The sector supports nearly 30 million livelihoods. Exports of fishery products earned ₹60,523 crore in the fiscal year 2023–24. India’s coastline stretches 11,098 km across nine coastal states and four Union Territories. Its EEZ covers over 2 million sq. km, including deep waters beyond the continental shelf.

Potential of Deep-Sea Fisheries

Despite a strong coastal fishery, deep-sea resources remain largely untapped. The EEZ’s potential yield is estimated at 7.16 million tonnes, including conventional and non-conventional fish species. Responsible exploitation of these resources can reduce pressure on coastal fisheries. It also offers opportunities to increase seafood exports and generate employment.

Policy Framework and Approach

The report proposes a science-driven, technology-enabled, and socially inclusive framework. It focuses on sustainable fisheries management within India’s EEZ and international waters accessed through regional agreements. Six policy interventions are identified – reforming regulations, strengthening institutions, modernising fleets, promoting sustainability, mobilising finance, and enhancing community participation.

Fleet Development and Infrastructure

Deep-sea fishing is capital intensive. The strategy supports fisher cooperatives and cluster-based models for collective ownership and operations. This approach helps small-scale fishers access modern technology. Infrastructure upgrades and fleet modernisation are priorities to improve efficiency and sustainability.

Investment and Phased Implementation

The report outlines three phases for development – Phase 1 (2025-28) focuses on foundation and early growth. Phase 2 (2029-32) aims at scaling up and global competitiveness. Phase 3 (2033 onwards) targets global leadership in sustainable deep-sea fisheries. Funding will converge from centrally sponsored and central sector schemes.

Stakeholder Engagement and Governance

A workshop involving 18 institutions and several coastal states was held alongside the report launch. Discussions covered state strategies, resource management, regulatory reforms, research, financing, and capacity building. The initiative stresses strong governance and stakeholder participation to ensure long-term success.