New Dragonfly Species Discovered In Western Ghats
Recent research in the Western Ghats has led to the discovery of a new dragonfly species named *Lyriothemis abrahami*. This species was previously mistaken for *Lyriothemis flava* due to their similar appearances. The finding was made by the Travancore Nature History Society and collaborating institutions. It marks the rich biodiversity and the need for detailed scientific study in India’s forest ecosystems.
Discovery and Identification
The new species was identified through field surveys and larval rearing experiments. Researchers examined larvae and dissected adult specimens to find unique physical features. These differences were not apparent in earlier studies that relied on superficial traits. The discovery was published in the journal *Entomon* in June 2025. The species was named to honour Abraham Samuel, a notable odonatologist from Kerala.
Physical Characteristics and Sexual Dimorphism
*Lyriothemis abrahami* shows strong sexual dimorphism. Males have uniquely shaped hamules, a reproductive structure. Females are jet-black with distinct yellow triangular spots. These features distinguish it clearly from the closely related *Lyriothemis flava*. The species breeds in phytotelmata, which are small water pools found in tree holes.
Habitat and Distribution
This dragonfly is endemic to the southern and central Western Ghats. It inhabits various forest types, including lowland rainforests and mid-elevation evergreen and deciduous forests. Its altitude range is between 50 and 1100 metres above sea level. Despite its wide range, the species is rare and found only in specific localised areas.
Significance of the Discovery
The discovery reveals hidden diversity within Indian forests. It shows how species can be overlooked when relying on juvenile forms or surface-level traits. The research team re-examined specimens collected as early as 2013 and found they belonged to this new species. Kerala’s odonate species count has now increased to 191, with 78 species endemic to the region.
Conservation Implications
The study emphasises the importance of conserving forest microhabitats such as tree holes. These small niches serve as critical breeding sites for *Lyriothemis abrahami* and other organisms. Loss of mature trees and canopy cover threatens these habitats. Protecting such microhabitats supports overall forest health and biodiversity.
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