National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO)

The National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO) is a premier cartographic and geographical institution under the Government of India. It functions as the national agency for thematic mapping and the preparation of the National Atlas, contributing significantly to research, education, and policy planning in the field of geography and earth sciences. NATMO is headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal, and operates under the Department of Science and Technology (DST), Ministry of Science and Technology.

Background and Establishment

NATMO traces its origin to the National Atlas Organisation (NAO), established in 1956 under the guidance of the eminent geographer Professor S. P. Chatterjee, who is recognised as its founder. The primary objective was to prepare the National Atlas of India, a comprehensive cartographic representation of the nation’s physical, social, economic, and cultural features.
In 1978, the organisation was restructured and renamed as the National Atlas and Thematic Mapping Organisation (NATMO) to reflect its expanded role in thematic and specialised mapping beyond the atlas project. Over the decades, it has evolved into a multidisciplinary institution integrating modern technologies such as Geographical Information Systems (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Digital Cartography.

Objectives and Functions

The core functions of NATMO encompass a wide range of mapping and research activities aimed at national development and scientific advancement. Key objectives include:

• Preparation and publication of thematic maps on various aspects of national importance such as population, agriculture, industries, environment, and resources.
• Compilation, revision, and updating of the National Atlas of India and its digital versions.
• Promotion of cartographic education and research through training, publications, and outreach programmes.
• Collaboration with other national and international scientific organisations on mapping and geospatial projects.
• Support to government departments in data visualisation, resource planning, and policy formulation through map-based analysis.

Major Publications and Projects

One of NATMO’s landmark achievements is the publication of the National Atlas of India, the first comprehensive national atlas in the world to be published in Hindi and English. It visually represents the country’s geographical, economic, and cultural diversity through hundreds of detailed thematic maps.
Other major projects and publications include:

• District Planning Atlas: Provides spatial data and thematic maps for district-level planning and governance.
• Environmental Atlas of India: Focuses on ecological conditions, biodiversity, and environmental challenges.
• School Atlas and Educational Maps: Designed to enhance geographical education among students across India.
• Digital and Online Mapping Initiatives: Development of digital atlases, GIS databases, and interactive thematic maps for modern educational and research use.

In recent years, NATMO has undertaken initiatives to create digital atlases of States and Union Territories, offering comprehensive geospatial data for development planning.

Technological Advancements

NATMO has embraced modern technologies to enhance the accuracy and accessibility of cartographic data. The use of Remote Sensing imagery and GIS-based mapping tools allows for the integration of diverse datasets into comprehensive spatial visualisations.
Key technological developments include:

• Establishment of a Digital Cartography Division for computer-assisted map production.
• Incorporation of satellite imagery and spatial databases for environmental and resource mapping.
• Creation of interactive web-based maps for dissemination of geospatial information to a wider audience.
• Introduction of Braille Atlases for the visually impaired, demonstrating the organisation’s commitment to inclusive education.

Educational and Research Contributions

NATMO plays a vital role in supporting geographical education and research. It provides training in cartography, GIS, and thematic mapping to students, teachers, and professionals. The organisation’s publications are extensively used as reference materials in academic institutions and by planners, administrators, and researchers.
Through seminars, exhibitions, and outreach programmes, NATMO promotes awareness about the importance of geography and spatial thinking in development planning and environmental conservation.

Role in National Planning and Development

The thematic maps produced by NATMO are crucial for policy formulation and resource management. By transforming statistical and environmental data into spatial formats, these maps assist decision-makers in identifying regional disparities, monitoring natural resources, and assessing socio-economic trends.
Some of the major areas where NATMO’s work contributes include:

• Agricultural and land-use planning
• Urban and regional development
• Disaster management and environmental monitoring
• Infrastructure and transportation planning
• Cultural heritage and tourism mapping

International Recognition and Collaboration

NATMO has earned global recognition for its cartographic excellence and innovation. It has collaborated with various international agencies such as the United Nations, International Cartographic Association (ICA), and Asian Association on Remote Sensing (AARS). These partnerships facilitate knowledge exchange and adherence to global mapping standards.

Awards and Achievements

Over the years, NATMO has received numerous awards for its scientific and educational contributions. Its Braille Atlas for the Visually Impaired earned the National Award for Science Communication and international acclaim for its innovation in accessible education. The organisation has also been honoured for excellence in thematic cartography and map design at various international exhibitions.

Contemporary Relevance and Future Prospects

In the present era of digital transformation and big data analytics, NATMO continues to adapt its methodologies to serve the growing need for reliable geospatial information. Its focus has shifted towards creating digital atlases, online GIS portals, and spatial data infrastructure compatible with government digital initiatives like Digital India.