Mosquitoes Found in Iceland for the First Time

In a surprising ecological development, mosquitoes have been discovered in Iceland for the first time, marking change for one of the few remaining mosquito-free regions on Earth. The finding was confirmed by entomologist Matthias Alfredsson of the Natural Science Institute of Iceland, who identified the species as Culiseta annulata. As of 2025, Antarctica remains the only mosquito-free region left on Earth.

First Recorded Mosquitoes in Iceland

Three mosquitoes—two females and one male—were found approximately 30 kilometres north of Reykjavik. The insects were caught using wine-soaked ropes designed to attract moths, a method that inadvertently revealed the new arrivals. According to Alfredsson, this marks the first verified record of mosquitoes living in Iceland’s natural environment.

Until now, Iceland had shared its mosquito-free status only with Antarctica. A previous case, involving a single Aedes nigripes specimen found aboard an aircraft years ago, was never confirmed as part of a local population and has since been lost.

Possible Pathways of Introduction

Experts suggest the mosquitoes may have been introduced accidentally through shipping routes or cargo containers. Given Iceland’s growing maritime connections, entomologists are now monitoring to determine if the species can establish itself permanently.

While some scientists link new insect occurrences to global warming, Alfredsson cautioned against attributing this case directly to climate change. Instead, he noted the resilience of Culiseta annulata, a species already adapted to endure prolonged freezing conditions and harsh winters.

Adaptation to Harsh Climates

The Culiseta annulata mosquito is known for its ability to survive in cold regions across northern Europe. Its flexible breeding habits—ranging from puddles to artificial containers—allow it to adapt to diverse environments. This versatility could make Iceland’s landscape suitable for seasonal or even permanent habitation, depending on future temperature patterns and ecological conditions.

Related GK Facts

• Iceland and Antarctica were previously the only regions without native mosquito populations.
• “Culiseta annulata” is commonly known as the “cold-country mosquito,” found across northern Europe and parts of Russia.
• Mosquitoes have existed for over 100 million years and are found on every continent except Antarctica.
• Rising global temperatures have expanded mosquito habitats, increasing the risk of vector-borne diseases worldwide.

Implications for Iceland’s Ecosystem

Researchers are now preparing for extended monitoring during the spring of 2026 to assess whether the insects can reproduce and establish colonies. Though not considered a major disease vector, the arrival of mosquitoes in Iceland underscores how even isolated ecosystems are becoming susceptible to biological shifts driven by global trade and environmental change.