India’s Pulse Production Strategy
India is advancing rapidly towards self-sufficiency in pulses. NITI Aayog’s 2025 report Strategies and Pathways for Accelerating Growth in Pulses towards the Goal of Atmanirbharta outlines a national plan. The goal is to reduce import dependency and boost production to meet nutritional and economic needs. India currently leads global production and consumption of pulses but still imports quantities. The report recommends state-specific, technology-driven strategies to ensure balanced growth and sustainability in pulse cultivation.
Current Status of Pulse Production
- India produced 26.06 million tonnes of pulses in 2022–23.
- This is a 59.4% increase since 2015–16 when production dipped to 16.35 million tonnes.
- Import dependence reduced from 29% to 10.4%. Pulses are grown mainly in rain-fed areas supporting over five crore farmers.
- The top three states—Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan—contribute 55% of production.
Strategic Targets
NITI Aayog aims for self-sufficiency by 2030 with a target of 34.45 million tonnes. By 2047, production is to double to 51.57 million tonnes. These targets are based on crop-specific and aggregate models forecasting 32.1 MT by 2030 and 50.7 MT by 2047. Surplus production is expected, positioning India as a major exporter and reducing import reliance further.
Cluster-Based Cultivation Approach
A key recommendation is the One Block, One Seed Village model in 111 high-potential districts. This involves crop-specific clusters, local agronomy, and community seed banks. The decentralised model aims to improve seed quality, increase yields, and enhance farmer participation. It promotes efficient resource use and better crop management at the local level.
Technology Adoption
Tailored technology packages for diverse agro-climatic zones are advised. These include high-yielding varieties, precision farming tools, and improved irrigation methods. Soil health management is emphasised to sustain productivity. Regional adaptation ensures that pulse cultivation suits local conditions, optimising output and resource use.
Climate-Smart Agriculture Measures
To counter climate risks, the report recommends drought-resistant varieties and integrated pest management. Contingency cropping strategies are suggested to maintain yields under stress. These climate-smart practices enhance resilience and reduce vulnerability to erratic weather patterns.
Data-Driven Decision Making
NITI Aayog advocates for a real-time decision support system using satellite data and artificial intelligence. This system will track productivity, forecast shortages, and guide policy. Data-led governance can improve market responsiveness and resource allocation in the pulses sector.
Demand-Supply Projections
By 2030, supply is expected to reach 30.6 million tonnes with a surplus of 3.79 million tonnes. By 2047, supply may rise to 45.8 million tonnes creating a surplus of 16.48 million tonnes. Demand projections follow ICMR-NIN nutrition guidelines. Promoting pulse consumption through awareness and inclusion in public schemes is vital for health and food security.
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