India’s Dhvani Hypersonic Missile

India is on the brink of a major defence breakthrough with the upcoming test of Dhvani, an advanced hypersonic missile. This weapon promises to elevate India into an elite group of nations with hypersonic strike capability. Designed to travel faster than Mach 5, Dhvani combines extreme speed with high manoeuvrability. It is expected to reshape South Asia’s security dynamics and boost India’s strategic deterrence.

Recent Developments in Hypersonic Technology

Dhvani follows successful trials of the Hypersonic Technology Demonstrator Vehicle (HSTDV), which developed critical scramjet propulsion and heat shielding. The missile’s test is planned before the end of 2025. Operational deployment is anticipated by 2029-30. This marks India’s entry into a club dominated by the United States, Russia, and China.

Technical Features of Dhvani

Dhvani is a Hypersonic Glide Vehicle (HGV). It is about 9 metres long and 2.5 metres wide. The missile uses a blended wing-body design for aerodynamic efficiency. Its heat protection system utilises ultra-high-temperature ceramic composites. This allows it to survive temperatures between 2,000°C and 3,000°C during atmospheric reentry. Stealth features like angled surfaces reduce its radar visibility, making it hard to detect.

Strategic Advantages and Range

The missile can glide at hypersonic speeds after being launched to high altitudes. It can perform sharp, unpredictable manoeuvres during its terminal phase. This makes interception extremely difficult for existing missile defence systems. Dhvani’s estimated range is between 6,000 and 10,000 kilometres, potentially doubling the reach of India’s Agni-5 missile.

Impact on Regional Security

Dhvani creates technological gap over Pakistan, which relies on conventional ballistic missiles. Its advanced capabilities enhance India’s strategic deterrence and regional stability. The missile’s speed and stealth reduce the effectiveness of enemy air defences, strengthening India’s defensive posture in South Asia.

Global Context and Indigenous Development

Globally, China’s DF-ZF and Russia’s Avangard are established hypersonic glide vehicles. The United States is still developing comparable systems like Dark Eagle and HACM. India’s achievement is notable for being largely indigenous, showcasing self-reliance in defence technology. The Dhvani programme forms part of a broader hypersonic arsenal aimed at diverse strategic roles including anti-ship and nuclear deterrence.

Future Prospects and Strategic Messaging

Dhvani signals a transformational leap in India’s military technology. It combines speed, stealth, and precision to create a formidable weapon system. The missile enhances India’s ability to project power globally and maintain sovereignty amid complex geopolitical challenges. Its success will set a new pace in modern warfare capabilities.