India’s Air Defence Architecture
India’s air defence architecture has evolved in recent years. It combines imported, indigenous, and co-developed technologies to create a robust multi-tiered system. This system is designed to counter a wide range of aerial threats, including drones, missiles, and stealth aircraft. Recent events, such as the coordinated aerial incursion by Pakistan on May 7, have brought into light the effectiveness of India’s air defence capabilities.
Key Components of India’s Air Defence System
- The backbone of India’s air defence is the Russian-manufactured S-400 Triumf. This advanced surface-to-air missile system can engage targets at distances of up to 400 kilometres. It intercepts various aerial threats, including ballistic and cruise missiles. Currently, India operates three squadrons of the S-400.
- Another critical element is the indigenous Akash missile system. Designed for short-range defence, the Akash can engage targets within 30 kilometres. It plays a vital role in India’s lower-tier interception grid.
- The Barak-8 medium-range surface-to-air missile system was inducted into the Indian Air Force in 2021. Developed in collaboration with Israel, it extends interception capabilities to 70 kilometres. The Barak-8 targets fighter aircraft, drones, helicopters, and missiles.
Differences from Other Systems
India’s air defence strategy differs markedly from Israel’s Iron Dome. The Iron Dome primarily focuses on short-range rocket threats. In contrast, India’s multi-layered defence addresses long-range ballistic missiles, cruise missiles, and hypersonic projectiles. This broader strategic coverage enhances India’s defensive posture against various threats.
Raksha Kavach
- Raksha Kavach is an advanced protection system developed by DRDO to defend high-value assets, soldiers, and armoured units from various threats.
- Created by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), it was publicly demonstrated at Aero India 2025.
Key Features:
- Multi-layer protection: Includes ballistic, blast, and electronic shields.
- Made from nano-technology-based composite materials, making it lightweight yet durable.
- Can be used in soldier gear, vehicles, and defence platforms.
- Instant threat detection and neutralization.
- Technologies Used:
- Satellite surveillance
- Reconnaissance drones
- Air-to-air missiles
- Drone interception tools
- Electronic warfare systems
- Laser-based directed energy weapons
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