Indian Wolf Now Recognized as Distinct Canis Species

The Indian wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) has recently been evaluated separately by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This is the first time the species has been assessed independently. The move could raise its global conservation status and focus attention on its survival.

Recent Status and Population

The Indian wolf population is estimated at about 3,093 individuals across India and Pakistan. It is classified as “vulnerable” on the IUCN Red List. The population is declining due to habitat loss and human persecution. Unlike the tiger, which inhabits 11 countries, the Indian wolf’s range is almost entirely restricted to India, with only 10 to 20 individuals left in Pakistan.

Evolutionary Significance

The Indian wolf represents one of the oldest wolf lineages in the world. It evolved in the Indian subcontinent long before humans arrived. This ancient lineage makes it unique among canids and important for biodiversity.

Taxonomic Recognition

Previously considered a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), the Indian wolf may now be recognised as a distinct species within the Canis genus. If accepted, it will become the eighth species in this genus. Other species in the genus include the gray wolf, coyote, golden jackal, Ethiopian wolf, domestic dog, red wolf, and African wolf.

Habitat and Protection Challenges

Only 12.4% of the Indian wolf’s habitat falls within protected areas in India and Pakistan. Most wolves live outside these zones and lack formal protection. This exposes them to threats such as habitat destruction and human-wildlife conflict. Conservation efforts are limited due to this fragmented protection.

Human-Wildlife Conflict

Conflicts between humans and Indian wolves have increased, especially in Uttar Pradesh. Removing problematic wolves swiftly and professionally helps gain community support. Such actions are vital to conserving the species while balancing local livelihoods.

Conservation Imperatives

The Indian wolf’s population continues to decline despite stabilising numbers in other large carnivores like tigers. Focused conservation strategies are urgently needed. These include habitat protection, conflict mitigation, and community engagement to ensure the species’ survival.