Gwangju Prize for Human Rights

The Gwangju Prize for Human Rights is an international award established to honour and support individuals, groups, or organisations that have made outstanding contributions to the promotion of human rights, democracy, and peace. The award is presented annually by the May 18 Memorial Foundation in Gwangju, South Korea, and commemorates the spirit of the May 18 Democratic Uprising, a historic pro-democracy movement that profoundly shaped modern Korean society.

Historical Background and Origin

The May 18 Democratic Uprising (1980) was a landmark event in South Korea’s struggle against authoritarian rule. Citizens of Gwangju rose in protest demanding democracy, freedom, and justice, facing severe military suppression. The movement symbolised courage, sacrifice, and the collective will to defend human rights.
To perpetuate the values of this movement and express solidarity with global struggles for democracy and human dignity, the May 18 Memorial Foundation instituted the Gwangju Prize for Human Rights in 2000. The prize reflects the idea that the people of Gwangju, having received international support during their own democratic struggle, should extend their solidarity to others fighting for freedom around the world.

Objectives and Philosophy

The main purpose of the Gwangju Prize is to recognise and encourage activism that contributes to the realisation of human rights and democracy. It serves as:

• A symbol of appreciation for those working tirelessly for human dignity and social justice.
• A platform for global solidarity, connecting movements across borders.
• A continuation of the Gwangju spirit, representing resistance to oppression and commitment to peace.

The award thus transcends national boundaries, celebrating the universal values of equality, freedom, and respect for human life.

Criteria and Structure of the Award

The Gwangju Prize for Human Rights is conferred annually, following a transparent and rigorous selection process conducted by the May 18 Memorial Foundation.
Eligibility:

• Open to individuals, organisations, and institutions worldwide that have significantly advanced human rights, democracy, or peace.
• Candidates are nominated by third parties; self-nominations are not permitted.

Selection Process:

• Nominations are reviewed by a committee of experts appointed by the Foundation.
• The committee evaluates the candidates’ contributions, influence, and adherence to democratic principles.
• Recommendations are submitted to the Foundation for final approval.

Award Components:

• A certificate of recognition acknowledging the recipient’s achievements.
• A trophy symbolising the Gwangju spirit.
• A cash prize of USD 50,000.

In addition, since 2011, a Special Prize has been introduced, awarded biennially to honour contributions in fields such as journalism, culture, or academia related to human rights promotion. The Special Prize carries a cash award of USD 10,000.
The award ceremony is held annually on May 18, the anniversary of the Gwangju Uprising, reinforcing the historical and moral connection between past and present struggles for human rights.

Notable Recipients

Since its inception, the Gwangju Prize has been awarded to prominent activists, organisations, and leaders from around the world who have demonstrated exceptional commitment to justice and human dignity.
Some notable recipients include:

• Xanana Gusmão (East Timor, 2000): For his leadership in the independence movement of East Timor and dedication to democratic governance.
• Malalai Joya (Afghanistan, 2006): For her advocacy of women’s rights and opposition to fundamentalism.
• Mun Jeong Hyeon (South Korea, 2012): For his lifetime of activism for democracy, peace, and human rights.
• Jatupat Boonpattararaksa (Thailand, 2017): For his efforts to protect civil liberties and freedom of expression.
• Chow Hang-tung (Hong Kong, 2023): For her courage in defending human rights and democratic freedoms under political repression.
• Asia Justice and Rights (AJAR, Southeast Asia, 2025): For its work in transitional justice, support to survivors of violence, and regional peacebuilding initiatives.

Each awardee embodies the enduring relevance of the Gwangju spirit — courage, solidarity, and the defence of human dignity against injustice.

Significance and Global Impact

The Gwangju Prize for Human Rights is more than an honour; it is a moral statement of solidarity with the oppressed and a recognition of those risking their lives for justice. Its significance lies in several key areas:

• Empowerment: Provides recognition, visibility, and protection to activists operating under repressive regimes.
• Awareness: Draws international attention to ongoing human rights violations and mobilises public support.
• Moral Authority: Reinforces the idea that local struggles for democracy are part of a global movement for human rights.
• Commemoration: Keeps the legacy of the May 18 Movement alive, inspiring future generations to uphold democratic values.

For many awardees, receiving the Gwangju Prize serves as both validation and protection, as the international spotlight can deter persecution from authoritarian governments.

Legacy and Continuing Relevance

Over two decades since its establishment, the Gwangju Prize has evolved into one of Asia’s most respected human rights honours. It symbolises the link between Korea’s historical fight for democracy and the universal pursuit of justice. The award reflects a profound belief that human rights are not confined by geography or politics, but are shared values of the global community.The May 18 Memorial Foundation continues to use the prize as a tool for education, advocacy, and cooperation among civil society organisations. Through forums, exhibitions, and international networks, it fosters ongoing dialogue on democracy, peace, and human rights protection.